Peace in Peril 1933-1950.

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Presentation transcript:

Peace in Peril 1933-1950

FDR’s Quarantine speech, 1937

IMPORTANT QUESTION To what extent did the isolationist policies of the 1930s reflect a desire to avoid a repeat of the conditions that drew us into World War I?

Failure of peace; triumph of aggression

Aggressions of Japan, Germany, and Italy 1932-1940

Appeasement The Munich Conference A settlement that permitted Nazi Germany to annex Czechoslovakia’s areas along the country’s borders…termed the Sudetenland. All the countries of Europe were present, except for Czechoslovakia Belief in giving a LITTLE, then Hitler would stop = APPEASEMENT

"There is no greater mistake than to suppose that platitudes, smooth words, and timid policies offer a path to safety.“ – Winston Churchill

Germany attacks poland Hitler turned to Poland, to territory it had lost after World War I. Wanted a highway and railway to cross over the Polish corridor. Convinced Britain and France that Appeasement had failed.

Important question In what sense was the United States “involved” in World War II before the Pearl Harbor attack and the Congressional declaration of war in December 1941?

The United States in World War II

Pearl Harbor Roosevelt Speech

Relocations

The human dimensions of war

The “Arsenal of democracy” FDR December 29, 1940 Promised to help the United Kingdom fight Nazi Germany Gave them military supplies The U.S. stayed out of actual fighting

Role of women Rosie the Riveter Women needed to “release a man for combat” WACS – Women’s Army Corps

mobilization The Draft Selective Service and Training Act, first peacetime draft in American History So many draftees, overwhelmed the facilities Minority issues Segregation in all forms of the Military. “Double V Campaign” – African Americans should join the war to achieve a double victory – a victory over Hitler’s racism abroad and a victory over racism at home.

Draft

Financing the war Loaning money to the government In exchange for money, the government promised that bonds could be cashed in at a later date for purchase price + interest.

rationing Limiting the availability of many products to make sure enough were available for military use. Meat and Sugar were rationed to provide enough for the army.

Out of the Frying Pan into the Fryer

Allied strategy and leadership

Europe first Invasion of France Decoy at Pas-de-Calais – the Allies placed inflated rubber tanks, empty tents, and dummy landing craft along the coast Invasion of Normandy 7,000 ships carrying more than 100,000 soldiers Beaches: “Utah” “Omaha” “Gold” “Sword” “Juno”

A two-front war

The atomic bomb