*Gas Laws* Kinetic Molecular Theory of Matter All matter is made of tiny particles in constant motion The state of matter is determined by the speed of the particles Gas particles move the fastest Gas does not have a fixed shape or volume This means gases take the shape of their containers and expand to fill their container

Physical Characteristics of Gases Physical Characteristics Typical Units Volume, V liters (L) Pressure, P atmosphere (1 atm = 1.015x105 N/m2) Temperature, T Kelvin (K) Number of atoms or molecules, n mole (1 mol = 6.022x1023 atoms or molecules)

“Father of Modern Chemistry” Chemist & Natural Philosopher Boyle’s Law Pressure and volume are inversely related at constant temperature. As one goes up, the other goes down. Inversely proportional “Father of Modern Chemistry” Robert Boyle Chemist & Natural Philosopher Listmore, Ireland January 25, 1627 – December 30, 1690 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eR49g3ubTBg

Boyle’s Law

Boyle’s Law

Boyle’s Bubbles Think of a scuba diver As the diver exhales the bubbles rise to the surface, as they rise the bubble become bigger and bigger https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lnmPm5vGz34 ** Temperature stays constant, as pressure decreases volume increases**

Jacques-Alexandre Charles Mathematician, Physicist, Inventor Charles’ Law Volume of a gas varies directly with the absolute temperature at constant pressure. As one increases, the other increases. Proportional Jacques-Alexandre Charles Mathematician, Physicist, Inventor Beaugency, France November 12, 1746 – April 7, 1823 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NplVuTrr59U

Charles’ Law

Charles’ Law

Chilly Charles Think of a balloon If you take a helium balloon outside in cold weather, the balloon will begin to shrink https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jWXZhrO8OkY ** Pressure stays constant, as temperature decreases volume decreases**