Histological and mRNA analysis of the inflammatory cytokines in the vehicle‐ or etifoxine‐treated mice at onset of clinical symptoms.A–D.At day 10 p.i.,

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Histological and mRNA analysis of the inflammatory cytokines in the vehicle‐ or etifoxine‐treated mice at onset of clinical symptoms.A–D.At day 10 p.i., drug treated animals showed significant differences in MBP (A), TSPO (B), Iba1 (C) and CD4 staining (D). Histological and mRNA analysis of the inflammatory cytokines in the vehicle‐ or etifoxine‐treated mice at onset of clinical symptoms.A–D.At day 10 p.i., drug treated animals showed significant differences in MBP (A), TSPO (B), Iba1 (C) and CD4 staining (D). (A) Animals treated with etifoxine showed an increase in retention of percentage of MBP coverage (*p = 0.001). Etifoxine treated animals also exhibited a decrease in TSPO+ cells per mm2 (*p = 0.004) (B), along with less Iba1+ cells per mm2 (*p = 0.02) (C). (D) The vehicle group showed infiltration of CD4+ cells, while no CD4+ cells were seen in the drug treated group. Infiltrated CD4+ cells were positive for TSPO expression.E.The mRNA levels corroborated the CD4 histology. Along with the decrease in CD4 mRNA (*p = 0.01), there was a decrease in transcripts of the inflammatory cytokines interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) (*p = 0.02) and interleukin 17 (IL‐17) (*p = 0.04) in animals treated with etifoxine. The p‐values were calculated by t‐test, n = 8/group. Daniel J. Daugherty et al. EMBO Mol Med. 2013;5:891-903 © as stated in the article, figure or figure legend