Flipped Learning TASK: For this lesson you need to: Complete the guided reading of President Grant Add anything you missed from your Early Reconstruction poster in a second colour

OVERVIEW: Government intervention in the South: What impact did Grant’s Reconstruction Acts have? Over the next 2 lessons we will be looking at the different acts and amendments Grant brought in during his time in office. We will think about whether these acts were supported, especially in the South and also what impact the had on different groups in society, especially African Americans. Good learning: Understand the different acts brought in by Grant and his administration Great learning: Explain the impact of the Reconstruction Acts Even better: Evaluate the impact of these Reconstruction Acts

Government intervention in the South: What Reconstruction Acts were in place when Grant became President? For this lesson we will start with recap of what happened under Johnson to help us explain what changes occurred under the Grant administration which we will explore next lesson. Good learning: Understand the direction Reconstruction was going under Johnson Great learning: Explain the impact of the acts brought in Even better: Evaluate the impact of these Reconstruction Acts at the end of Johnson’s term

What can you remember about President Johnson? Last lesson, you were asked to write down everything you could remember about Early Reconstruction. You were asked to add everything you missed in a second colour. TASK: Write down everything you can remember about the Presidency of Andrew Johnson. You have 10 minutes. The presidency of Andrew Johnson: a) personality and aims b) conflicts with Congress c) break with the Republicans; impeachment Good learning: Understand the direction Reconstruction was going under Johnson Great learning: Explain the impact of the acts Even better: Evaluate the impact of these Reconstruction Acts at the end of Johnson’s term

How much impact did the Acts have which were passed? 1. On your sheet highlight your top 3 acts (bottom half of the sheet) which you feel had the biggest impact and explain why. One of these must be the 14th Amendment. In thinking about the impact you should consider the following: During the Presidency of Johnson In the 1868 Election Once Grant was in Office Once the Democrats regained control of the South 2. How has the role of the Freedmen’s Bureau changed during this period? What impact is it having in the South? 3. One of the biggest consequence of the Reconstruction Acts was the voting rights given to black people. Explain the implications of this going forward. 4. Overall, how effective were these Reconstruction acts? (Also think about anything which might stop them from being effective) Congress was the clear driving force when it came to Reconstruction and the legislations, amendments and the Freedmen’s Bureau ensured that this approach worked. However, how much impact were these different elements having? Answers: 14th Amendment – former confederate states have to accept it to re-enter the Union and this gives citizen rights to former slaves, which can also mean voting rights too. This has a big impact on the 1868 election. Impact of the Freedmen’s Bureau in the South – provides education, bank, churches, black representation, checks contracts between the ex-slaves and landowners, provides courts. Will help Grant win the election Violence and intimidation limit how effective these things are. Good learning: Understand the direction Reconstruction was going under Johnson Great learning: Explain the impact of the acts Even better: Evaluate the impact of these Reconstruction Acts at the end of Johnson’s term

Introduction of the 15th Amendment The Reconstruction Act of 1867 gave African Americans the right to vote in the South. However, they still lacked the vote in most northern states. Also, there was concern that the gains they had made would be lost if the white Southern Democrats ever gained control of Congress. The Fifteenth Amendment to the Constitution, which states that the right to vote cannot be denied by reason of race, colour, or previous condition of servitude, was passed in order to deal with these concerns. It was passed by Congress on February 26, 1869, and ratified by the states on March 30, 1870. Task: Add the Fifteenth Amendment to your timeline and explain how it was able to be introduced using the information on page 204. Also add on what impact the Amendment will have (like you have with the previous acts): Black Americans in the North and South The Democrats Republican attitudes about what else needed to be done re-guarding reconstruction 3. How effective is it likely to be? Good learning: Understand the direction Reconstruction was going under Johnson Great learning: Explain the impact of the acts Even better: Evaluate the impact of these Reconstruction Acts at the end of Johnson’s term Challenge: Look at the map on P211: What impact might this have on the 15th Amendment

Who supported this Reconstruction approach? Its not surprising that people in the North supported it, however there were supporters in the South too! They provided support for both the Republicans and Reconstruction and are often referred to as Scalawags (pg. 207 and covered in previous lessons) or Unionists. However, their position in the South was often influenced by the following factors: They needed black votes to maintain any control They faced intimidation from the KKK and similar groups. They were tainted with accusations of corruption against them but also the wider corruption scandals involving Republicans tainted them. What impact would this group have on Reconstruction and how might their position change after the election of 1868? - They were in a powerful position up until the 1870s, therefore important at this stage to ensure that Reconstruction continues as it should. Good learning: Understand the direction Reconstruction was going under Johnson Great learning: Explain the impact of the acts Even better: Evaluate the impact of these Reconstruction Acts at the end of Johnson’s term

Overall how much impact did these acts have? Task: Using the work you have done this lesson, think about the following: Overall, what impact have the acts under Johnson had? What are some of the issues Grant will need to tackle when he comes in to office? What do you think Government are going to feel about Reconstruction, especially policies about African Americans, going forward? Little impact Big impact 2. Violence and intimidation, ensuring the amendments and acts are upheld, etc. 3. They have done what they can with regards to Reconstruction and they have set ex-slaves up with the chance of improving their position – American belief on self-reliance.. Good learning: Understand the direction Reconstruction was going under Johnson Great learning: Explain the impact of the acts Even better: Evaluate the impact of these Reconstruction Acts at the end of Johnson’s term

Flipped Learning For next lesson you will need to: TASK: You will need to research: What the Freedmen’s Bureau was and what it provided What happened to the Freedmen’s Bureau under Grant. Explain why. https://www.shmoop.com/reconstruction/timeline.html

What direction did Reconstruction take under Johnson? The main reason for us looking at the acts passed under Johnson is that they are in place when Grant takes office. These will dictate much of what Grant will do with regards to Reconstruction and also many of these things will change once the Democrats take back control. Task 1: Each table has been given events that make up a timeline of what happens under Johnson. You will first need to put it in chronological order…. Once you have completed it use the information to help you create a mind map of the key factors which are driving and influencing Reconstruction during this time and give examples to support it. Which one do you think is the main factor and why? Good learning: Understand the direction Reconstruction was going under Johnson Great learning: Explain the impact of the acts Even better: Evaluate the impact of these Reconstruction Acts at the end of Johnson’s term