Chapter 17 America and WWII 1941-1945

Pearl Harbor “A date which will live in infamy” -- FDR

USS Arizona today

FDR to Eleanor “I never wanted to fight this war on two fronts. We haven’t got the Navy to fight in both the Atlantic and Pacific…” U.S. Eastern Front Fighting Germany Western Front Fighting Japan

“Double V” campaign (for A-Americans) 2 “V”ictories At home = stop racism Abroad = stop Hitler’s racism

General Benjamin O. Davis Tuskegee Airmen 1st African-American air force Flew in over 200 missions and never lost a member! General Benjamin O. Davis First black American General in the Air Force!

Japanese Americans Not allowed to serve at first Internment Camps Not allowed to serve at first Most decorated units in U.S. military! Native Americans serve fiercely! Navajo Code Talkers

GO GIRL! Women in the war Most women did clerical work Rosie the Riveter Most women did clerical work Made men available for combat WASPs – women pilots / 300

1942 Turning point in the war! Both Hitler and Stalin were fervent on winning because of the name of the city Finally in Jan 1943 --- Nazis surrender

D-Day ________ _______ What? Invade France ________ _______ What? Invade France Who? General Eisenhower commander America, Britain, and Canada When? Setting the date was tricky! June 6, 1944 (D-Day) Where? Beaches of Normandy, FR Why? Because we’re trying to beat Germany!  France General Eisenhower

D-Day June 6, 1944 Operation Overlord Blue = American Red = British Yellow = Canadian UTAH OMAHA GOLD JUNO PAGE 585 SWORD Operation Overlord

The Italian Campaign and D-Day were the beginning of the end The End of the War! “Full Victory – Nothing Else” - Gen. Eisenhower 1939 - 1945 The Italian Campaign and D-Day were the beginning of the end The Man!

Battle of the Bulge December 1944 Belgium Last German Offensive Heavily armed German soldier. Battle of the Bulge Battle of the Bulge

Mistrust! Yalta Conference February 1945 Met at Yalta in Southern Russia (Ukraine) The “Big Three” Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin Agreed to Have Russia attack Japan after Germ. surrender Divide Germany into zones after war Allow free elections in Eastern Europe

V-E Day Hitler commits suicide April 30, 1945 Victory in Europe Day May 8, 1945 Churchill waves to the crowd Hitler commits suicide April 30, 1945

President Harry S Truman Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR) dies on April 12, 1945 FDR at Yalta Feb. 1945 Conference between the “Big Three”

Island-Hopping Moving from island to island in the Pacific. Trying to get close to Japan Island-Hopping Okinawa

Bataan Death March Part of the Battle of Philippines Japanese win P.O.W.s forced to march 65 miles Beaten, murdered, starved, forced to walk 5 days straight with only a sip of water, … you name it, they did it. War crimes trial A huge reason why WWII vets hate Japanese

“People of Philippines, MacArthur is BAAACK! First invaded Guadalcanal (Aug 1942) Then, went on to fight at Leyte Gulf (lay-tee) in the Philippines – take it back after Death March Largest naval battle in history Japan Philippines Leyte Gulf “People of Philippines, I have returned…” Kamikaze 1st used

Focusing on Japan Firebombing Japan March - June 1945 Napalm – jellied gasoline civilians 67 cities 80,000 dead Firebombing Japan March - June 1945

Iwo Jima Okinawa April 1945 350 miles from Japan! November 1944 Close enough to bomb Japan more efficiently OKINAWA Raising the flag on Iwo Jima April 1945 350 miles from Japan! Okinawa

“Divine Wind” Suicide attacks Kamikaze

Kamikaze

Manhattan Project J. Robert Oppenheimer Developing the atomic bomb Brown’s Ferry

Hiroshima and Nagasaki 4 sq mi flattened 70.000+ killed instantly 40,000 in Nagasaki Emperor intervened August 6th and 9th, 1945 Enola Gay drops “Little Boy” on Hiroshima

V-J Day Victory in Japan Day August 15, 1945

Nuremberg Trials 22 leaders of Nazi Germany prosecuted 12 sentenced to death Similar trials held in Japan 25 Japanese Leaders Not the Emperor