Japanese Modernization

Tokugawa Japan Independent country 1630’s expelled all foreigners Dutch allowed access to Nagasaki port

Gunboat Diplomacy 1853 President Filmore sends Matthew Perry to negotiate trade treaties Why? They want to re-supply and repair ships and it is a strategic location He brings his warships

What did the U S want? Coaling stations More trading partners Open trade ports A haven for ship-wrecked sailors

Treaty of Kanagawa 1854 Shogun signs because of American show of strength Established treaty port Established consulates By 1860, Britain, Russia, France, and the Netherlands Tokugawa ends isolation

Japan Learns a Lesson In 1862, just before the start of the Meiji period, Tokugawa sent officials and scholars to China to study the situation there. A Japanese recorded in his diary from Shanghai… The Chinese have become servants to the foreigners. Sovereignty may belong to China but in fact it's no more than a colony of Great Britain and France.

Civil War in Japan Treaty results 1860’s Shoguns want to keep old ways Some seeing it as a sign of weakness of the Shogun Others want modernization 1860’s Economic hardships Increased prices Peasant protests Shoguns want to keep old ways Royalists want to see emperor restored to power

Were furious at the Shogun for signing treaties with the West. Highly idealistic samurai who felt that the arrival of Westerners was an attack on the traditional values of Japan. They believed that: Japan was sacred ground. The emperor, now a figurehead in Kyoto, was a God Were furious at the Shogun for signing treaties with the West. Their slogan  Revere the Emperor, Expel the Barbarians! Japan emerges a more centralized state

The Shogunate is Overthrown The last Shogun Tokugawa Yoshinobu

Meiji Restoration 1868-1912 End of Shogunate and privileges of samurai Emperor Mutsuhito takes throne 15 years old Rules for 45 years Meiji means Enlightened Rule Modernization needed Choose your own occupation

Japan took 35 years what took Britain 150 years to achieve

Economic/Industrial changes.. Catch up with the “West” Missions to find the “Best” By 1900—foundations in place for light industry, heavy industry, and transportation Zaibatsu—powerful families in banking and industry who controlled the factories

Social Changes Social classes gone Compulsory education Adopt western styles

Rulers wear Western Dress Emperor Meiji Empress Haruko (1868- 1912)

Political Changes Draft instituted—modern army Centralized government Constitution Diet=legislative assembly Modeled after Germany’s government

Selective “Borrowing” Popular board game Start by leaving Japan and studying in various Western capitals End by returning to Japan and becoming a prominent government official

Japan became an imperialist power in the 1890’s as industrialization created new needs: Food sources Outlets for surplus population Raw materials Demand for coal, iron, etc. Markets Honor [nationalism]

Sino-Japanese War 1894-1895 Korea claimed by China prior to war Uprisings in Korea Japan wanted privileges there Tensions escalate into war Japan defeats China with its westernized army Japan acquires Taiwan Japan gains Sphere of Influence over Korea

Russo-Japanese War 1904 Over rights to Liaotung Peninsula Japanese victory Uses surprise attack 1st time an Asian nation defeated a European nation Establishes Japan as a power to be dealt with Treaty of Portsmouth Nicholas II see demonstrations at home after defeat

Japan Annexes Korea 1910

America Becomes Competition

U. S. Fleet

Japan continues to Grow