Volume 95, Issue 7, Pages (October 2008)

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Volume 95, Issue 7, Pages 3306-3321 (October 2008) Interaction of Gramicidin S and its Aromatic Amino-Acid Analog with Phospholipid Membranes Masoud Jelokhani-Niaraki, Robert S. Hodges, Joseph E. Meissner, Una E. Hassenstein, Laura Wheaton Biophysical Journal Volume 95, Issue 7, Pages 3306-3321 (October 2008) DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.108.137471 Copyright © 2008 The Biophysical Society Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Molecular model for the amphipathic β-sheet-β-turn conformation of GS. Biophysical Journal 2008 95, 3306-3321DOI: (10.1529/biophysj.108.137471) Copyright © 2008 The Biophysical Society Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 CD spectra of the six peptides in Tris buffer (A), and POPC vesicles in Tris buffer (B). See Instrumentation for experimental conditions. Biophysical Journal 2008 95, 3306-3321DOI: (10.1529/biophysj.108.137471) Copyright © 2008 The Biophysical Society Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 CD concentration-dependence spectra of GS in POPC (A), and POPE/POPG (B) vesicles dispersed in Tris buffer. See Instrumentation for experimental conditions. Biophysical Journal 2008 95, 3306-3321DOI: (10.1529/biophysj.108.137471) Copyright © 2008 The Biophysical Society Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Emission spectra (excitation at 280nm) of GS10WY in Tris buffer, 80% methanol, and POPC vesicles dispersed in Tris buffer. See Instrumentation for experimental conditions. Biophysical Journal 2008 95, 3306-3321DOI: (10.1529/biophysj.108.137471) Copyright © 2008 The Biophysical Society Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 Top views of molecular models of GS: top view of the GS in Fig. 1 with omitted amino-acid side chains (A), and top view of GS bound to a bacterial proteinase (22) (only GS is shown) (B). Biophysical Journal 2008 95, 3306-3321DOI: (10.1529/biophysj.108.137471) Copyright © 2008 The Biophysical Society Terms and Conditions

Figure 6 Heat of binding of peptides to POPC vesicles: GS (A), GS10WW (B), and GS10FY (C). See Instrumentation for experimental conditions. The “molar ratios” in the figures are lipid/peptide molar ratios. Biophysical Journal 2008 95, 3306-3321DOI: (10.1529/biophysj.108.137471) Copyright © 2008 The Biophysical Society Terms and Conditions

Figure 7 Heat of binding of peptides to POPE/POPG vesicles: GS (A), GS10WW (B), and GS10FY (C). See Instrumentation for experimental conditions. The “molar ratios” in the figures are lipid/peptide molar ratios. Biophysical Journal 2008 95, 3306-3321DOI: (10.1529/biophysj.108.137471) Copyright © 2008 The Biophysical Society Terms and Conditions

Figure 8 Binding isotherms for GS, GS10WW and GS10FY in POPC (solid symbols) and POPE/POPG (open symbols) lipid systems. Biophysical Journal 2008 95, 3306-3321DOI: (10.1529/biophysj.108.137471) Copyright © 2008 The Biophysical Society Terms and Conditions

Figure 9 (A) Scheme for preferential binding of the cyclic aromatic peptides to different regions of bilayer depending on their aromatic amino-acid composition (peptides have similar backbone structures); (B) comparison between the enthalpies and affinities of binding of peptides to the bilayer hydrophobic core versus bilayer interface (Tables 1 and 5). Biophysical Journal 2008 95, 3306-3321DOI: (10.1529/biophysj.108.137471) Copyright © 2008 The Biophysical Society Terms and Conditions

Figure 10 A mechanism for the binding of GS and its aromatic analogs to lipid bilayers: (0) Monomeric cyclic peptides are attracted to and approach the bilayer surface in their tense conformation. (1) Cyclic peptides adsorb on the bilayer surface and bind to surface through hydrophobic effect and electrostatic interactions; tense conformation of cyclic peptides changes toward relaxed conformation. (2) Cyclic peptides adopt the relaxed conformation, insert deeper into bilayer, deform the membrane structure without forming peptide-peptide associations, and induce leakage (low P/L ratios). (3) Cyclic peptide-lipid complexes form nonspecific transient porelike zones enhancing the leakage through membranes (high P/L ratios). Biophysical Journal 2008 95, 3306-3321DOI: (10.1529/biophysj.108.137471) Copyright © 2008 The Biophysical Society Terms and Conditions