Chapter 24 – The Roaring Twenties

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Chapter 24 – The Roaring Twenties Section Notes Video Boom Times Life during the 1920s The Jazz Age The Impact of Younger Generations Images Quick Facts Model T Assembly Line The Model T Sacco and Vanzetti Primary Source: Prohibition Social Studies Skills: Household Statistical Graphs Chapter 24 Visual Summary

Life during the 1920s The Big Idea Americans faced new opportunities, challenges, and fears as major changes swept the country in the 1920s. Main Ideas In the 1920s many young people found new independence in a changing society. Postwar tensions occasionally led to fear and violence. Competing ideals caused conflict between Americans with traditional beliefs and those with modern views. Following the war, minority groups organized to demand their civil rights.

Main Idea 1: In the 1920s many young people found new independence in a changing society. After the war, many young people moved to cities. By 1920 more than half of the country’s population lived in urban areas. Took advantage of 1920s economic boom to gain independence New youth culture developed Access to education grew. High school attendance doubled in 1920s. More attended colleges and universities. Women also found new opportunities. Number of women in workforce continued to grow. New roles in politics Some women, known as flappers, openly challenged traditional ideas of how women were supposed to behave.

Main Idea 2: Postwar tensions occasionally led to fear and violence. Negative attitudes toward Communists grew in the 1920s. After Communists took power in Russia in 1917, Americans worried that they would soon try to gain power in the United States. Many Americans blamed Communists and radicals for labor strikes and other problems. Attitudes led to a Red Scare, a time of fear of Communists, or Reds. Communists were held responsible for bombings and killings. Bombs were found in postal packages addressed to famous Americans and Communists were held responsible. Political official’s home was bombed and police raids were organized to break up Communist and radical groups. Italian anarchists, Sacco and Vanzetti, were convicted and executed for the robbery and murder of a factory paymaster and his guard.

Restricting Immigration Concerns about immigration Some Americans believed there was a general fear of foreigners. Many recent immigrants were poor and did not speak English. Some Americans saw immigrants as a threat to jobs and culture. Government responded to these concerns with new laws. Emergency Quota Act of 1921 limited total number of immigrants allowed into the country. National Origins Act of 1924 banned immigration from East Asia entirely and reduced the number of immigrants allowed into the country. Drastic drop in immigration to the United States

Main Idea 3: Competing ideals caused conflict between Americans with traditional beliefs and those with modern views. Prohibition The Eighteenth Amendment outlawed the manufacture, sale, and transport of alcoholic beverages. Difficult to enforce Many broke the law. Law reduced consumption, but did not stop Americans from drinking. Support strongest in rural areas Opposition strongest in cities By the end of the 1920s, the nation was weary of the effects of prohibition. Believed that it would be better to have a legal alcohol trade with government monitoring The Twenty-first Amendment was passed in 1933, which ended prohibition. Religious Ideals

Religious Ideals Fundamentalism Religious leaders were concerned abut the youth culture and the failure of prohibition in the 1920s. Wanted to return to traditional values Led to a movement of fundamentalism– characterized by the belief in a literal, or word-for-word, interpretation of the Bible Used the radio and modern marketing tools to draw followers Strong in rural areas and small towns Believed that modern scientific theories conflicted with teachings of the Bible Opposed the teaching of evolution in public schools Laws were passed in many states and cities to prevent the teaching of evolution. Scopes trial in 1925 Tennessee teacher John T. Scopes put on trial for teaching evolution Scopes convicted and fined $100 for breaking the law State supreme court later overturned conviction.

Main Idea 4: Following the war, minority groups organized to demand their civil rights. Great Migration– large numbers of African Americans left South to take jobs in northern factories after the war and through the 1920s. Some white laborers feared competition for jobs. Race riots broke out. Ku Klux Klan gained more strength. Harassed African Americans, Catholics, Jews, and immigrants Worked against urbanization, women’s rights, and modern technology Became influential in politics More than 5 million members

Protecting Rights African Americans began working to protect their rights. The NAACP placed advertisements in newspapers presenting harsh facts about lynchings in the South. Marcus Garvey encouraged black people to express pride in their culture and establish economic independence. Black nationalism movement took root. Hispanic Americans organized to fight prejudice and promote civil rights Formed the League of United Latin American Citizens in 1929 Native Americans fought to establish their rights. In 1924 Congress passed the Indian Citizenship Act, granting citizenship to all Native Americans. Successfully prevented the federal government from taking back reservation lands

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