Inhibition of endogenous Shh pathway reduces epileptiform activities without affecting physiological synaptic transmission Inhibition of endogenous Shh.

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Inhibition of endogenous Shh pathway reduces epileptiform activities without affecting physiological synaptic transmission Inhibition of endogenous Shh pathway reduces epileptiform activities without affecting physiological synaptic transmission AShh levels determined by ELISA in the medium of hippocampal slices with or without (Ctrl) TBS stimuli. TBS: theta‐burst stimuli. n = 4–8.B, CShh levels determined by ELISA in the medium of hippocampal neurons with or without 20‐Hz electrical stimulation for 30 min (B, n = 6–7) or incubated with the indicated treatments (C, n = 11). KCl, 50 mM; TTX, 1 μM.DInput–output curves recorded from CA1 stratum radiatum of hippocampal slices treated with Cyclo or vehicle (Ctrl). fEPSP: field excitatory postsynaptic potential. n = 8.ENormalized amplitude of AMPA receptor‐mediated current at −70 mV. Black line: perfusion of Cyclo. EPSC: excitatory postsynaptic current. n = 11.FQuantification of the paired‐pulse ratio (PPR) of fEPSP in CA1 of hippocampal slices treated with Cyclo or vehicle (Ctrl). n = 9.GTBS‐induced LTP in the presence of Cyclo or vehicle (Ctrl). The slope of fEPSP plotted as percent of baseline before TBS. n = 9.H–JEffects of Sant‐1 (H), robotnikinin (Robot, I), or 5E1 (J) on the spontaneous epileptiform activity from hippocampal neurons incubated with 0Mg. Left: representative traces of whole‐cell recordings with the indicated treatments. Right: the expanded view of a single burst (arrow) from the left parallel panels.K, LRepresentative Western blots and quantification of Gli1 and Gli2 expression levels from cultured hippocampal neurons under the indicated treatments for 30 min. n = 3.MRepresentative Western blots and quantification of Gli1, Gli2, and Shh expression levels from hippocampal slices under the indicated treatments. n = 3.Data information: Cyclo: 5–10 μM used in all experiments. In (D, F, G), Cyclo was pre‐incubated for 30 min. α‐Tubulin (α‐Tub) was used as a loading control. Data are mean ± SEM. Student's t‐test was used. Shengjie Feng et al. EMBO Rep. 2016;embr.201541569 © as stated in the article, figure or figure legend