Cell Growth and Division EQ: Why do cells divide?

Cell Division Process where a cell splits into two identical daughter cells. It occurs in two main phases: Mitosis- division of the nucleus Cytokinesis- division of the cytoplasm

Chromosomes Made of DNA (containing the cell’s genetic code) Found in the nucleus Each chromosome has a matching pair (homologous pair) Number depends on the organism

Cell Cycle Events cells go through as they grow and divide

Interphase Longest phase as the cell is in a ‘resting’ phase performing cell functions G1- first growth (gap) phase Synthesis (S phase)- DNA makes a copy G2- second growth (gap) phase, preparing for mitosis

Mitosis Prophase 1. Chromosomes visible (chromatids) 2. centrioles migrate to the poles 3. nuclear membrane disappears 4. nucleolus disappears 5. Spindle form

Mitosis Metaphase Chromosomes line up along the equator

Mitosis Anaphase Chromatids separate and move to opposite poles

Mitosis Telophase 1. Chromosomes disappear (becoming chromatid) 2. Nuclear reforms 3. Nucleoli reappears 4. Spindle disappears 5. Centrioles duplicate

Cytokinesis Division of the cytoplasm to form 2 new daughter cells Organelles are divided Daughter cells are genetically identical Cells return to interphase