9-2: “Speak Softly and Carry a Big Stick” 1900-1912

Thematic Learning Objectives NAT 2.0 Explain how interpretations of the Constitution and debates over rights, liberties, and definitions of citizenship have affected American values, politics, and society. WOR 1.0 Explain how cultural interaction, cooperation, competition, and conflict between empires, nations, and peoples have influenced political, economic, and social developments in North America.

Key Concept Participation in a series of global conflicts propelled the United States into a position of international power while renewing domestic debates over the nation’s proper role in the world.

Overview U.S. thrown into position of international power Debates over the nation’s proper role in the world

Theodore Roosevelt’s Big Stick Diplomacy Panama Canal Viewed European efforts a violation of Monroe Doctrine Panamanian Revolution to make deal for canal Roosevelt Corollary Background—Caribbean nations’ debt defaults to European banks U.S. to assume “international police power” to enforce Monroe Doctrine in Latin America Expansion of U.S. role in Latin America

Theodore Roosevelt’s Big Stick Diplomacy East Asia China Open Door Policy Defeat at hands of Japan “Spheres of influence” Sec. of State Hay—“Open door” by which all nations have equal trading privileges Protection of U.S. interests Boxer Rebellion Rise of Chinese nationalists/xenophobia U.S. participation in international force

William Taft and Dollar Diplomacy East Asia and Latin America Use economic investments to bolster American foreign policy and create greater stability in those regions Unsuccessful—didn’t counteract revolutions and economic instability

Woodrow Wilson and Foreign Affairs Moral Diplomacy Denounced imperialism and Dollar Diplomacy Advocated capitalist democracies throughout the world Military Intervention Veracruz occupation Pancho Villa and the American Expeditionary Force