15th of March 2006 Remediation of Agricultural Diffuse Water Pollution by Farm Ponds and Wetlands Fabrice Gouriveau PhD, School of GeoSciences Supervisors.

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Presentation transcript:

15th of March 2006 Remediation of Agricultural Diffuse Water Pollution by Farm Ponds and Wetlands Fabrice Gouriveau PhD, School of GeoSciences Supervisors Dr. Kate Heal & Dr. Graham Russell (School of GeoSciences) Dr. Andrew Vinten (Macaulay Institute)

CONTENTS Background Objectives of the Study Study Sites Materials & Methods Anticipated Research Outcomes

Background Agriculture and diffuse water pollution Agricultural water pollution: NO3-, P, pesticides, faecal pathogens from arable fields, grasslands, farmyards, etc. “Diffuse pollution”: spread over catchment, significant collective impact; difficult to identify and contain Degradation of water quality & aquatic ecosystems: siltation, toxicity to organisms and eutrophication High costs: loss of profit for fisheries, paper mills, tourism; water filtration/treatment; loss of biodiversity & enjoyment

Background Mitigation of agricultural diffuse water pollution Among other “Best Management Practices” … … Ponds and Wetlands are recommended to catch contaminated farm runoff and improve its quality !

Background Mitigation of agricultural diffuse water pollution Ponds and wetlands improve water quality by: Uptake, inactivation of pollutants by microorganisms & plants Adsorption on the surfaces of plants, sediments, litter Settling of suspended solids Die-off of pathogens Good treatment efficiency but variable temporally and spatially ! Negative impacts: ecosystems, safety, health, GHG’s, pollution Many questions: long-term performance, optimal design, carrying capacity, impact on biodiversity, etc.

Objectives of the Study Assess the water treatment performance of farm ponds/wetlands Assess the ecology of farm ponds/wetlands Assess the socio-economic aspects of farm ponds/wetlands Develop a model for farm ponds/wetlands

Study Area Study Area … But a local fieldwork ! A global issue…

Study Sites * Old Castles beef/arable farm (large wetland, vegetated, low pollution) * Kennetsideheads dairy farm (small pond, non vegetated, higher pollution)

Materials & Methods 1) To assess water treatment performance of farm ponds: Monitor water quality at inlet, outlet (samplers, probe) Describe hydraulic balance (flow meters, tracers) Assess sedimentation rate & sediment quality (cores) Manipulate water level & hydraulic residence time

Materials & Methods 2) To assess the ecology of farm ponds: Vegetation surveys (quadrats) Macroinvertebrate surveys (kick sampling)

Materials & Methods 3) To assess socio-economic aspects of farm ponds: Collect data on construction/maintenance costs and benefits (questionnaires, databases) Assess farmers’ "acceptance" of treatment ponds 4) To develop a model of ponds/wetlands: Adapt, calibrate and run an existing model

Anticipated Research Outcomes Information on how ponds perform water treatment and on the factors influencing their performance Information on the impacts of the ponds on biodiversity Evaluation of the cost-effectiveness of ponds/wetlands Recommendations for “optimum” pond design and management Modelling of the pond system Communication and technical tools for farmers, SEPA

Questions and Suggestions are very welcome ! Thanks for your attention ! Questions and Suggestions are very welcome !