Classifying Matter

5.1 Properties of Matter Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space Matter can be classified into 2 categories: pure substances and mixtures Matter has both physical and chemical properties

Physical property = a characteristic of a substance that you observe with your senses

Cont’d A qualitative physical property is a characteristic of a substance that can be described but not measured numerically eg) temperature ,colour, odour (descriptive words) A quantitative physical property is a characteristic of a substance that can be measured numerically Eg) weight, boiling point, freezing point

A chemical property is a characteristic of a substance that describes its ability to react chemically with other substances to form a new substance eg) combustibility, flammable, sensitive to light

Classification of Matter Matter could be classified as a solid, liquid or gas

Particle Theory of Matter All matter is made of tiny particles that have empty space between them. Different substances are made of different particles Particles are in constant random motion. The particles of a substance move faster as its temperature increases. Particles attract each other

Particles can be the same or different in a material If they are the same it is called a pure substance, if different a mixture. If the material consists of different particles it can be broken down into two or more pure substances. Ex) water vs sugar water water = pure substance sugar water = mixture

3) All pure substance are homogeneous, whereas a mixture could be homogeneous or heterogeneous. Heterogeneous: contains more than one phase Homogeneous: uniform throughout, contains only one phase Ex) salad dressing = het aluminum foil = hom sugar = hom beach sand = het

States of Matter - Solid Particle arrangement is organized Definite shape Particles very close Dense material Strong attractive forces Strong strength of material Particles move slow

States of Matter - Liquid Particles less organized Definite volume Particles moderately close Moderately dense Moderately strong attractive forces Moderately strong material Moderately particle speed

States of Matter - Gas Random particle arrangement Take shape of container Particles far apart Material less dense Attractive forces weak Strength of material weak Particle speed fast