HBC, US vs Britain, 54 40’ or Fight, 49th Parallel

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HBC, US vs Britain, 54 40’ or Fight, 49th Parallel The Oregon Territory HBC, US vs Britain, 54 40’ or Fight, 49th Parallel

The West Coast of North America

OREGON TERRITORY 1819 Britain and US agree to create border at 49th parallel Land west of Rocky Mountains called Oregon Territory

OREGON TERRITORY modern states of: Oregon Idaho Washington, BC up to the border of Russian Alaska. Both Great Britain and America claimed the territory.

Why Share the Territory? 1819 Land was sparsely populated So no clear decision who should own territory War of 1812 may have created fear of conflict

US in Need of Expansion US facing rapid population increase US government actively encouraged people in Eastern States to settle in Oregon territory Most settled south of the Columbia River

Manifest Destiny The 19th century belief that the United States was destined to expand across North America, by force if necessary. Fueled the notion that Oregon territory was rightfully American lands

HBC and the Oregon Territory Already operating in the region Saw it as a natural extension of Rupert’s Land Did NOT encourage settlement Only interested in the fur trade Settlers would scare of animals Settlers would undermine monopoly

Fort Vancouver Became the HBC’s main trading post in the Oregon Territory Not in modern Vancouver Located in Present day Washington

An Official Boundary Needed Both US and Britain recognize need for an official boundary as there is no clear authority to govern area or people Rising population of Americans in Oregon Territory BUT... If 49th parallel extended from Rockies to Pacific Ocean, then Fort Vancouver would be lost in US territory

Chief Factor James Douglas Fort Vancouver Chief Factor 1843 Simpson orders Douglas to build new trade post on Vancouver Island New site Fort Victoria

FORT VICTORIA

“54 40’ OR FIGHT” 1844 president Democrat James K. Polk Campaign slogan declared that Oregon territory should go to the US “54-40 or fight!” Never intended to go to war- Bluffing!

Except Vancouver Island The Official Boundary 49TH Parallel extended Except Vancouver Island HBC transferred to Fort Victoria Fort Vancouver officially closed 1849