Review of Carbon Classification Type of C Attached to 1o (primary) C one other carbon 2o (secondary) C two other carbons 3o (tertiary) C three other carbons 4o (quaternary) C four other carbons

Alcohols Alcohol: Has an -OH (hydroxyl) group bonded to a tetrahedral carbon methanol, CH3OH, is the simplest alcohol

Classification of Alcohols Depends on the C which has the –OH group attached 1o Alcohol—attached to one C 2o Alcohol— attached to two Cs 3o Alcohol-- attached to three Cs

Alcohol Nomenclature 1.Find longest carbon chain that contains the -OH group (parent chain) 2.Number chain from end that gives the -OH the lower number 3.Change the ending -e to -ol 4.Use a number to show the location of the -OH group For cyclic alcohols, the carbon with the -OH group is C-1 5.Name and number substituents and list them in alphabetical order

Nomenclature

Nomenclature Write the IUPAC name for each alcohol

Name the following trans-1,3-cyclohexanediol 1,3-propanediol

ALDEHYDES AND KETONES “carbonyl” functional group: Aldehydes Ketones

Aldehydes, IUPAC nomenclature: Parent chain = longest continuous carbon chain containing the carbonyl group; alkane, drop –e, add –al. (note: no locant, -CH=O is carbon #1.) CH3 CH3CH2CH2CH=O CH3CHCH=O butanal 2-methylpropanal H2C=O CH3CH=O methanal ethanal

Ketones: IUPAC nomenclature: Parent = longest continuous carbon chain containing the carbonyl group. Alkane, drop –e, add –one. Prefix a locant for the position of the carbonyl using the principle of lower number.