Concussions What Should I Be Looking For?

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Presentation transcript:

Concussions What Should I Be Looking For? David M. Schwartz, Ph.D., ABPdN Clinical Neuropsychologist The Concussion Institute at Gwinnett Medical Center - Duluth Copyright © 2017 by David M. Schwartz, Ph.D., ABPdN. All rights reserved

Copyright © 2017 by David M. Schwartz, Ph. D. , ABPdN Copyright © 2017 by David M. Schwartz, Ph.D., ABPdN. All rights reserved

Facts A concussion is a traumatic brain injury (TBI) All concussions are serious Concussions can occur without loss of consciousness or memory Recognition and proper management of concussions when they first occur can prevent further injury or even death Most athletes can safely return to play after recovery, but everyone recovers at their own rate In general, the younger the athlete is, the longer the recovery U.S. annual rate of sports/recreation-related concussions: 3.8 million Copyright © 2017 by David M. Schwartz, Ph.D., ABPdN. All rights reserved

Concussion Copyright © 2017 by David M. Schwartz, Ph.D., ABPdN. All rights reserved

Mechanism of Injury Blow to head or body, direct impact not necessary Acceleration/Deceleration forces cause temporary deformation of axon (axonal stretching and tearing) Neurometabolic changes result, without visible abnormalities (normal CT/MRI) Physiologic changes at cellular level Neurons are “dysfunctional”, not destroyed (Giza 2001) Copyright © 2017 by David M. Schwartz, Ph.D., ABPdN. All rights reserved

Signs and Symptoms Observed By Coaches and Teammates Appears dazed or stunned Is confused about their position or the play Winces when heading the ball Is unsure of game, score or opponent Moves clumsily Answers questions slowly Loses consciousness, even briefly Shows behavior or personality changes Can’t recall events before or after hit or fall Copyright © 2017 by David M. Schwartz, Ph.D., ABPdN. All rights reserved

Symptoms Reported By Athletes Headache or pressure in head Nausea or vomiting Double or blurry vision Sensitive to lights or noises Dizziness, clumsiness, sleepiness Feels sluggish, hazy, foggy, groggy Attention or concentration problems Confusion or memory loss Just doesn’t feel right Copyright © 2017 by David M. Schwartz, Ph.D., ABPdN. All rights reserved

Most Commonly Reported Symptoms High School & College Athletes (n = 1,438; 1-7 days post) SYMPTOM PERCENT # 1 Headache 75% # 2 Difficulty Concentrating 57 % # 3 Fatigue 52 % # 4 Drowsiness 51 % # 5 Dizziness 49 % # 6 Foggy 47 % # 7 Feeling Slowed Down 46 % # 8 Light Sensitivity 45 % # 9 Balance Problems 39 % # 10 Difficulty with Memory 38 % Copyright © 2017 by David M. Schwartz, Ph.D., ABPdN. All rights reserved

Individual Recovery From Sports MTBI: How Long Does it Take? WEEK 1 WEEK 2 WEEK 3 WEEK 4 WEEK 5 80% RECOVERED 60% RECOVERED N=134 High School Male Football Athletes 40% RECOVERED Collins et al., 2006, Neurosurgery

Concussion Copyright © 2017 by David M. Schwartz, Ph.D., ABPdN. All rights reserved

Copyright © 2017 by David M. Schwartz, Ph. D. , ABPdN Copyright © 2017 by David M. Schwartz, Ph.D., ABPdN. All rights reserved

For more information: David M. Schwartz, Ph.D., ABPdN Clinical Neuropsychologist The Concussion Institute at Gwinnett Medical Center – Duluth 3855 Pleasant Hill Road Suite 150 Duluth, Georgia 30096 Phone: 678.312.7882 Email: daschwartz@gwinnettmedicalcenter.org Website: http://gwinnettsportsmed.com/concussion Copyright © 2017 by David M. Schwartz, Ph.D., ABPdN. All rights reserved