The West Between the Wars Chapter 28 The West Between the Wars

What are we going to be focusing on… What can cause economic instability? How might political change impact society?

Instability After World War I Peace settlement cause new issues for Europe US didn’t join league of nations Lessened it’s power __________________________created harsh penalties for Central Powers Germany had to pay _________________ marks to France for damages Couldn’t pay after first year France occupied __________________, collect $ from Industry and Mines

Economic Disaster in Germany France occupation led to the financial collapse of Germany German government began to _____________________ _______________________________________________ Cause Mass Inflation 1914: 1 US $ = ________________________ German Marks 1923: 1 US $ = ________________________ German Marks Bailed out by American loans, investments Treaty of Locarno: Established between France, Germany, and Belgium Kellogg-Braind pact: _____________________________ _______________________________________________ Led to period of great prosperity Roaring 20’s

The Great Depression Depression: ___________________________________ _____________________________________________ Started by individual national economies failing Falling wheat and coal prices 1928 ____________________ starting pulling money out of Germany, Europe Moved $ to stocks, Stock market crashed in 1929 Led to more $ being taken out of Europe, more collapse 1932 25% of Britain, 30% of Germany unemployed Led to greater Government involvement in economy. Start Day 2 here.

Response to Depression Germany Decrease in economic growth led to loss of income and savings Led to ____________________________________ Great Britain Labour Party couldn’t solve economic problems, replaced with by Conservative government. Used balanced budget and protective tariffs to stabilize economy. Believed problem was over production, not decrease in demand.

Response to Depression US Franklin D. Roosevelt passed ____________________ Policies of economic intervention Started worker programs to get people back to work Started ________________________________ France Depression led to rise in _______________________ ____________________________________________ Passed French New Deal _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________

Rise of Dictators After WWI many European States adapted democracy … Others led to Authoritarian Regimes Italy, Soviet Union, Germany Rise of Totalitarian Regimes ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ Achieved through __________________________ Individual freedoms less important than overall will.

Fascism in Italy __________________________established first European fascist movement Fascism: _______________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ “Fascio di Combattimento”: _________________________ Granted position of Prime Minister by King Victor II Established fascist dictatorship Created secret police force (OVRA) Monitored subversive political activities _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________

Creation of the USSR After WWI, Russian peasants sabotaged Russian programs Hoarding food Drought led to catastrophic _____________________. Industrial collapse accompanied crop failures Lenin instituted ________________________________________ Modified capitalist system, intended to be temporary Small businesses, farms, could be private Large manufacturing and banks would be public 1922 Lenin created a new state: ________________ United Soviet Socialist Republics After Lenin’s death in 1924 created power struggle within party ___________________________ emerged.

USSR Under Stalin Stalin removed remaining Bolsheviks from party leadership Gain complete control of Communist party _____________________________________ Removed NEP, and launched “______________________” 5 year economic plans, focused on turning USSR from agrarian to industrial economy Rapidly increased ____________________________________ Negative effects Focus on Industrialization led to _____________________________ Private farms were taken over by government collectivism “The Great Purge”: ______________________________________ _______________________________________________________.

Authoritarian States in the West Eastern Europe: Most of the new parliamentary systems set up in eastern Europe following World War I failed. Most eastern European countries were rural, with large landowners maintaining a grip on power. Many people feared _____________________________________________. _______________ systems soon replaced the struggling democracies. These governments worked to preserve the old order. Spain: In 1936, _____________________________ led Spain's military in a revolt against the country's republican government. The result was a brutal civil war. Foreign countries aided both sides. Franco's forces prevailed, and Franco established a military dictatorship. Authoritarian, not Totalitarian

Rise of Adolf Hitler, Nazi Germany Born in Austria in 1889 In 1919, joined German Workers’ Party, later renamed National Socialist German Workers’ (Nazi) Party _________________________________ Blamed _______________________ for Germany's defeat in World War I and its economic troubles In November 1923 staged armed uprising (Beer Hall Putsch) and was sentenced to prison; wrote Mein Kampf there

Rise of Hitler, Nazi Germany After release from prison, expanded Nazi Party so that it could compete for votes Decline of German government leaders’ popularity in late 1920s and early 1930s due to _______________________ Popularity of Hitler’s nationalist appeals, leading to Nazis’ becoming largest party in German parliament in 1932 Appointed chancellor of Germany in 1933

Totalitarian State Plans for the Nazi State An "Aryan state": ____________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ The SS (Schutzstaffeln) was a force used to maintain order and carry out Nazi policies. Control the secret police forces as well as the regular police. The SS used repression and murder to carry out Nazi policies. _______________________________________________________ Concentration camps, and death camps— Execution squads terrorized people that the Nazis proclaimed to be their enemies, _______________________________________________.

Nazi Propoganda __________________________ ______________________were staged to generate national pride and enthusiasm about Nazism. Means of __________________ spread the Nazi message. Feature and documentary films Radio broadcasts, including Hitler’s speeches

Nazis' Views of Women and Jews Nazis believed that women played a crucial role as bearers of the children who would bring about the triumph of the Aryan "race." The Nazis believed women should be _____________________, and they allowed women few opportunities for employment. In 1935, new racial laws defined which Germans were considered Jews, Excluded Jews from ____________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Jews were barred from public transportation and public buildings, including schools and hospitals. They were prohibited from ______________________________ ______________________________________________________

Citations Spielvogel, Jackson J. World History & Geography. Bothell: McGraw-Hill Education, 2014. E-Book