Civil war

What were the advantages for the Union and the advantages for the Confederacy? North South Population Factories Weapons Leadership Psychological (fighting on own land)

Robert E. Lee Example of South’s great leadership Military leader of the Confederacy: selected by Jefferson Davis: President of the Confederacy Confederacy hoped for foreign aid

Stonewall Jackson Leader of Confederacy at Manassas, Antietam, and Fredericksburg

North’s Plan of Attack: Anaconda Plan BCR Union forces blockade Confederacy Control Mississippi Take Richmond Lincoln: Preserve Union http://www.juniorgeneral.org/civil%20war/anaconda/anaconda.html

South’s Strategy Confederate strategy Preserve small armies as Union forces diminish will to fight Hoped for normal recognition from Britain and France

African Slaves Considered by some Union generals as contraband Considered to be free by some

Battle of Bull Run First Battle of Civil War: took place in Virginia: Union troops commanded by General McDowell “Stonewall” Jackson refuses to yield to Union Confederacy force Union to retreat to Washington General McClellan appointed by Lincoln after Bull Run Lincoln becomes impatient with McClellan

New Orleans David Farragut seizes New Orleans for Union Attempted to take Vicksburg but failed

Monitor vs. Virginia Battle of the ironclad ships Ended in a draw

Battle of Antietam McClellan knew about Lee’s surprise attack Bloodiest day of Civil War Union victory but lost more soldiers than Confederacy More than 23,000 dead or wounded

Emancipation Proclamation Lincoln waited for victory at Antietam to use momentum As of January 1, 1863, all slaves in states in rebellion (not border states) against the US would forever be free Took away any chance of compromising with Confederacy African American soldiers allowed into the military for the Union

Border States

54th Massachusetts Regiment All African American regiment If captured, would be killed Slaves began helping Union soldiers

Domestic Policy Adapting 3% income tax on all income over $800 Raised tariffs/ biggest funds for war came from bonds Legal Tender Act of 1862: first common currency 1863: Conscription: draft White men between ages of 20 and 45 Confederacy adds similar regulations and laws because of low supplies https://wikis.nyu.edu/ek6/modernamerica/index.php/Imperialism/ManifestDestiny

Copperheads Favor of ending war Lincoln suspends constitutional right of habeas corpus War conditions New technology leads to more killing People struggle choosing sides Prison camps poorly maintained

Vicksburg Grant places city under siege: control Mississippi River Constant gunfire and lack of supplies weakened Vicksburg Completed Anaconda Plan

Change of Command General Ambrose Burnside: Union, replaced McClellan Headed South hoping to defeat Army of Northern Virginia: lost at Fredericksburg Lincoln replaces Burnside with Hooker Lee defeats Hooker at Chancellorsville (Stonewall dies), Lee senses chance to invade Union

Gettysburg Turning point of war General George Meade replaces Hooker: Union Faces Lee at Gettysburg Lee sees a chance to build momentum: Lee wants help from Europe Meade defeats Lee: devastating loss 50,000 dead, half were Lee’s army (1/3 of army) 1864: Lincoln calls Grant back from Vicksburg Uses strategy of total war

Sherman’s Total War Cut swath of destruction in march across Georgia to Atlantic Sherman’s capture of Savannah and cotton Lincoln’s Christmas present Grant places siege on Petersburg, VA Lee able to get 40,000 Union casualties, but had no reserves Congress proposes 13th Amendment South unwilling to have future without slavery

Appomattox Court House Lee orders retreat from Petersburg 1865: Lee surrenders to Grant 5 days later: Lincoln assassinated by John Wilkes Booth Lincoln’s death unites North

Clara Barton Obtained permission from Lincoln to travel with army ambulances Distributed comforts to the sick and wounded of both sides Some women fought during the war

Why the North Won? Population Technology Resources

Civil War Ends More than 600,000 Americans were dead Mathew Brady photographs devastation of war South left in shambles/ many homeless African Americans uncertain of future Industrial boom continued after war Factories, banks, and cities grow in North Debates over states’ rights did not end with Civil War War helped cement federal authority