Chapter 3: Matter— Properties and Change

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Warm Up Define these terms: Mixtures Elements Compounds Heterogeneous

Advertisements

Definite proportions and percent by mass. Law of definite proportions The Law of Definite Proportions states that a compound is always composed of the.

Elements vs Compound Elements –First letter of element symbol is always capitalized –Only have one capitalized letter Compounds –Combination of elements.

Law of Definite Proportions Regardless of the amount, a compound is always composed of the same elements in the same proportion by mass. The proportions.

 Substances – matter that has a uniform and unchanging composition  Atoms and Compounds like table salt, sugar, CO2  Physical properties can be observed.

Section 5: Empirical and Molecular Formulas

Calculating Moles and Number of Atoms

PERCENT COMPOSITION. 2 3 Steps for Determining Chemical Formulas 1. Determine the percent composition of all elements. 2. Convert this information into.

Chemistry There are some compounds that we know have elements in fixed mass proportions. Water H 2 O  2 g : 16 g Carbon dioxide CO 2 

Elements, Compounds, Mixtures, Law of Definite Proportions, and an Introduction to the Periodic Table.

History of the Atomic Theory. Law of Definite Proportions A given compound contains the same elements in exactly the same proportions by mass, regardless.

PERCENT COMPOSITION Section 6.1 THE LAW OF DEFINITE PROPORTIONS The elements in a chemical compound are always present in the SAME proportions by mass.

Definite Proportions, Multiple Proportions and Atomic Theory

Distinguish between elements and compounds.

Percent Composition LG: I can calculate percent composition given a chemical formula or experimental data.

Chapter 3 Unit Review 1. You have a 78 g sample of a compound of which 12.4 g is hydrogen. What is the % by mass of hydrogen in the sample?

Daily Science (Sept 18) List an example of a physical property and tell why it is a physical property List a chemical property and tell why it is a chemical.

CHEMISTRY Matter and Change

ELEMENTS Pure substance Can’t be separated physically or chemically 92 naturally occurring elements (only 91 found on Earth) Each has a unique name and.

Atomic Mass/Percent Composition. Average of Isotopes Every element typically exists in several isotope forms Isotopes are atoms of the same element with.

Percentage Composition. Percent Composition Compounds are ALWAYS composed of elements in fixed ratios. This is often referred to as the Law of Definite.

Mass Reactants = Mass Products Law of Conservation of Mass: the mass of the reactants must equal the mass of the products.

Percentage Composition (page 118).  The Law of Definite Composition deals with COMPOUNDS. This law states that the composition of any pure compound is.

Percent by Mass Miss Fogg Fall 2015.

Quantities in Chemical Reactions (4.1/4.5) Proportions in Compounds and Percentage Composition.

Today we will:. Learn about Elements and Compounds.

Law of Definite Proportions Regardless of the amount, a compound is always composed of the same elements in the same proportion by mass. The proportions.

The Law of Definite Proportions:  A given chemical compound will always contain the same elements in the same proportions, by mass  This means that.

Empirical & Molecular Formulas. Percent Composition Determine the elements present in a compound and their percent by mass. A 100g sample of a new compound.

LAW OF DEFINITE PROPORTIONS In a compound, the ratios by mass of the elements in that compound are fixed independent of the origins or preparation of that.

Law of multiple proportions. Different compounds can be composed of the same elemenets. This happens when different compounds containing the same elements.

Which is NOT a chemical change?

1 Chapter 3 Matter Properties and Changes key Terms matter, States of matter, Properties, physical properties, intensive and extensive physical change,

A compound is a combination of two or more elements. Section 4: Elements and Compounds K What I Know W What I Want to Find Out L What I Learned.

Warm Up Name the two kinds of mixtures List three different separation techniques Is iron rusting a chemical or physical change? If 2g of potassium (K)

6.6 THE COMPOSITION OF UNKNOWN COMPOUNDS. PERCENTAGE COMPOSITION - defined as the percentage, by mass, of each element in a compound In a 2.0g sample.

Matter, Properties & Changes CVHS Chapter 3. Chemical Properties The ability of a substance to combine with or change into one or more other substances.

Percent Composition. – Compounds are ALWAYS composed of elements in fixed ratios. This is often referred to as the Law of Definite Proportions. – This.

Law of Definite Composition and Law of Multiple Proportions

Law of Conservation and Law of Definite Proportions

Classifying Matter.

Anything that has MASS and takes up SPACE.

Matter- Properties and Change

Percent Composition Calculations

PERCENT COMPOSITION SCH3U.

10.3 Percent Composition Def: Relative amounts of the different elements in a compound What percent of water is hydrogen? oxygen?

Percentage Composition

Atoms: The Greek Idea ~384 B.C.E., Aristotle:

Matter - Properties & Changes

Law of Definite Composition and Law of Multiple Proportions

Percent Composition and Chemical Formulas

Law of Definite Composition and Law of Multiple Proportions

Law of Definite Proportions

Bellwork Define Atoms What are Alloys?

Elements and Compounds

Chapter 3 Properties of Matter.

Vocabulary Percent Composition -

Ch. 7-3 Percent Composition

Changes in Matter Conservation of Mass

Notes Ch. 9.5 The Laws Governing Formulas and Names

Empirical & Molecular Formulas

Law of definite and multiple proportions

Elements, Compounds & Mixtures

It’s the Law Foothill Chemistry.

Elements and Compounds

Chapter 11: More on the Mole

Matter 2.3 Compounds and Mixture.

Please copy your homework into your assignment book

Presentation transcript:

Chapter 3: Matter— Properties and Change Table of Contents Chapter 3: Matter— Properties and Change Laws of definite and multiple proportions

Elements in a specific compound always combine the same way. Matter—Properties and Change: Additional Concepts Law of definite proportions: regardless of the amount, a compound is always composed of the same elements in the same proportion by mass. TRANSLATION: Elements in a specific compound always combine the same way. Mass (compound) = Mass (element 1 + element 2 +…) ex) If 2 g hydrogen reacts with 16 g oxygen, what mass H2O would be produced? 2 g H + 16 g O = 20 g H2O

Mass of a compound 134.50 g aspirin 5.72 g copper A sample of aspirin is made up of 6.03 g of hydrogen, 80.70 g of carbon, and 47.77 g of oxygen. What is the overall mass of the aspirin? A 2.89 g sample of sulfur reacts with an unknown amount of copper to form 8.61 g of a black compound. What is the mass of the copper? 134.50 g aspirin 5.72 g copper

Law of Definite Proportions Matter—Properties and Change: Additional Concepts Law of Definite Proportions Percent by mass: The ratio of the mass of each element to the total mass of the compound Percent composition: The percent by mass for each individual element in a compound

Examples 39.34% sodium, 60.66% chlorine A 58.44 g sample of table salt is made up of 22.99 g of sodium and 35.45 g of chlorine. What is the percent by mass of each element in table salt? 2) 22.99 g of sodium reacts with 32.06 g of sulfur and 64.00 g oxygen. What is the percentage composition of the compound? 39.34% sodium, 60.66% chlorine 32.37% sodium, 22.57% sulfur, 45.06% oxygen

Practice Percent by Mass A 134.50-g sample of aspirin is made up of 6.03 g of hydrogen, 80.70 g of carbon, and 47.77 g of oxygen. What is the percent by mass of each element in aspirin? A 2.89-g sample of sulfur reacts with 5.72 g of copper to form a black compound. What is the percentage composition of the compound? 4.48% hydrogen, 60% carbon, 35.52% oxygen 33.6% sulfur, 66.4% copper

Law of Multiple Proportions Matter—Properties and Change: Additional Concepts Law of Multiple Proportions Law of multiple proportions: when different compounds are formed by a combination of the same elements, they combine in different ratios. Ratios compare the relative amounts of any items or substances. EXAMPLE: water (H2O) & hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) H:O 2:1 2:2