The Middle East.

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Presentation transcript:

The Middle East

The Middle East: 6 major themes Proof of a European centered division of the East We will further discuss all themes as we move throughout this unit.

Bellringer Work on articles

Theme 1: Oil About 60% of the world’s oil Has helped develop countries like the UAE and Oman Upsets many traditionalists who want things to stay the same Some with fundamentalist views will turn to terrorism as a means of fighting change ex. Al Qaeda Gives dictators money for weapons and funds war (ex. ISIS) Allows small countries to have oversized roles Saudi Arabia is the world’s largest oil producer in the Middle East and a key member of OPEC (influences oil prices and controlling supply.)

Theme 2: Arid Most of the Middle East is arid Rub-Al-Khali in Saudi Arabia is the world’s largest continuous sand desert Many countries trade oil profits for increased water supply The Middle East has 10 of the 15 most water poor countries Cause for conflict 1% of ME water is fit for human consumption

Theme 3: Arab World Most of the Middle East is Arab Others are Persians, Turks, and Hebrews Architecture—Arabic style Conflict between ethnic groups (ex. Iran-Iraq War between the Persians and Arabs)

Theme 4: World Religions Birthplace of the 3 major monotheistic religions Christianity Judaism Islam

Theme 5: Islam Most people in the Middle East are Muslim Many countries live by Sharia Law—law based on the Islamic religion and the teachings of the Koran Saudi Arabia Iran People of other religions have few rights in Muslim countries.

Theme 5: Rise of Islam Around the years 570 to 632 A.D., the prophet Muhammad established Islam Muhammad was born in Mecca, on the western edge of the Arabian Peninsula There he received a message from Gabriel, an angel that told him to preach the message of Allah

Theme 5: Rise of Islam Muhammad established a Muslim community in Medina After his death, Islam spread to the rest of the Arabian Peninsula Armies then spread Islam as far west as Spain in less than a century Over time, Islam spread to Central Asia, India, and Southeast Asia

Theme 5: Key Terms Allah: the Arabic word for God Muslims: people who practice Islam Koran: Islam’s holy book (Quran) Mecca: direction in which all Muslims must pray Jihad: Islamic holy war Pillars: practices of Islam

Theme 5: Pillar 1 Faith: Declaration that there is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is His prophet

Pillar 2 Prayer: Five times a day, facing Mecca

Pillar 3 Alms: Muslims have a social responsibility to give money to the poor

Pillar 4 Fasting: Muslims fast during the month of Ramadan from dawn to dusk. The idea is to show that spiritual needs are greater than physical needs

Pillar 5 Pilgrimage: Travel to Mecca at least once in a lifetime if physically and financially able. The Kaaba in the Great Mosque (Mecca, Saudi Arabia)

Theme 5: Sunni vs Shiite Both are branches of the Islamic religion Divisions were created after the death of the Prophet Mohammad Sunni Muslims believed the position should be taken by one of the Prophets companions and it was! (majority) Shiite Muslims believed that only a direct descendent of Mohammad should take the position of Prophet. They refuse to acknowledge elected Muslim leaders. (minority)

Theme 6: Conflict History of conflict Israel/Palestine Resources Religion Resources Undeveloped countries are vulnerable to militias and dictators Ex. Saddam Hussein, Taliban, ISIS

Turn to the note section in your binder and label it…”Conflict in the Middle East”. We will be taking notes on ALL of the wars we covered in your Stations Activity. You will be quizzed on this information in the next couple of days. Make sure you know it!!! AFTER TODAY…SAIL CARDS WILL NO LONGER BE ACCEPTED SO MAKE SURE YOU HAVE ALL OF YOUR WORK DONE ON TIME.

Arab-Israeli Wars 1948—The country of Israeli was created after the UN decided that Jews needed a place of their own as a result of the Holocaust. The Jewish homeland was already occupied by many Arabs (Palestine) Palestine was divided: Arab portion and Jewish portion This caused tension between Israel and many Arab countries fighting still continues today Still ongoing today Two state solution is supported by all but boundaries can’t be agreed upon

Persian Gulf War Iraq accused Kuwait of siphoning oil Cause Iraq accused Kuwait of siphoning oil Iraq also claimed to have historical claims over the territory that lies in Kuwait 1990 Fighting lasted 42 days Iraq received little support from Arab countries Kuwait is an ally of the US Contributed to Iraq War in 2003 because Hussein refused to follow weapons restrictions in treaty

Iraq War 2003 – 2011 Hussein was captured, tried, convicted, and hanged Created a democratic government in Iraq Left before it was stable ISIS took over half of the country

Instability allows ISIS to flourish As many as 10 million people are now under the control of ISIS Heavily funded by selling oil on the black market In August of 2014, the United States-led coalition launched air strikes in Iraq and later in Syria The coalition includes many European and Arab countries ISIS has lost a substantial amount of territory and has lost about 25,000 fighters The US finally declared that ISIS is committing genocide against Christians and other minorities in Iraq and Syria Goal: Iraq and Syria to be an Islamic Caliphate

Syrian Civil War Residential areas have been completely destroyed Chemical weapons have been used in populated areas with no warning which has caused retaliatory strikes by countries like the US, Britain and Saudi Arabia. Russia and Iran support Assad 2011—Protests led to an armed rebellion against President al Assad’s government (Shia minority controls the country) Has become a proxy war Syria backed by Iran and Russia United States and Saudi Arabia along with other countries are fighting to rid the country of President al Assad As a result of the civil war, terrorists groups like ISIS have been able to flourish and take over large pieces of territory 500,000 people have died in the war so far