Amendments to the U.S. Constitution Amendment process shows the flexibility of the Constitution as a “living document” Amendments to the U.S. Constitution Page 6-8 in your review packet!

Declaration of Independence = U.S. Constitution Explain differences between the Declaration of Independence & the U.S. Constitution

The primary purpose of the United States Declaration of Independence is to establish the basic law of the land in the United States explain and justify why the American colonists revolted against their mother country provide a clear plan for a meaningful and effective political system guarantee human rights for all Americans The basic principle underlying the U.S. Constitution is that the executive branch should be free of congressional interference the people are the ultimate source of all power governments must maintain law and order by whatever means necessary the interests of the federal government are more important that the interests of its citizens

1st Amendment (1791) Topic: Freedom of religion, speech, press, right to assemble & petition the gov. Importance: Enlightenment idea (Voltaire) Protects & guides what an American can say/do Interpreted by the Supreme Court Example: Schenck v. United States; Tinker v. Des Moines 2nd Amendment (1791) Topic: Protects the right to possess firearms Importance: Debated due to gun violence & mass shootings

Topic: abolishes slavery Importance: 5th Amendment (1791) Topic: protection against self- incrimination & double jeopardy guarantees due process of law Importance: Rights of the accused Supreme Court Cases: Miranda v. Arizona 13th Amendment (1865) Topic: abolishes slavery Importance: Legally ended slavery, but Black Codes and Jim Crow laws segregate (separate) Racism & prejudice continue

States cannot get in the way of individual rights Supreme Court Cases: 14th Amendment (1868) Topic: defines citizenship prohibits states from denying people due process and equal protection of the law Importance: States cannot get in the way of individual rights Supreme Court Cases: Roe v. Wade 15th Amendment (1870) Topic: Grants voting rights to African American men Importance: MEN get the right to vote, but not women until 1920 States deny voting rights by poll taxes & literacy tests Primary goal of the Civil Rights Movement of 50s & 60s

18th Amendment (1919) Topic: Prohibition = prohibits the manufacturing, sale or transportation of alcoholic beverages Importance: Temperance movement (social problems caused by alcohol) → Progressive Era reform Social issue regulated by the gov. 21st Amendment (1933) Topic: repeals Prohibition Importance: Social laws are too difficult to enforce (1920s) Only Amendment to repeal an earlier Amendment Gov. collects taxes

19th Amendment (1920) Topic: grants women the right to vote Importance: Goal of the first women’s movement achieved! Seneca Falls & Declaration of Sentiments (1848) Elizabeth Cady Stanton & Susan B. Anthony 22nd Amendment (1951) Topic: limits the President to two (2) terms Importance: Washington’s precedent becomes a part of the unwritten constitution FDR elected to 4 terms → Amendment passed in response Positives & negatives?

Describe how voting rights have changed since the U. S Describe how voting rights have changed since the U.S. Constitution was written 26th Amendment (1971) Topic: lowers voting age to 18 Importance: “Old enough to fight, old enough to vote” Youth involvement Vietnam draft & protests Last extension of voting rights

Outline this thematic prompt on page 8 STRIVE FOR FIVE (5) = Include at least 5 bullet points per box