The French Revolution “Reign of Terror “ Part 2 1793-1794 Special Fonts: Biblo Display Black Chancery Davys Other Wingdings Edwardian Script ITC Even More Dings JL Nosferatu Press Writer Symbols Skullz

Brunswick Manifesto Aug 1792 After threats from Austria, France declares war A win would gain the King popularity, food and territory With a loss the enemy would get rid of the revolutionaries. Robespierre is against war: believes France will be defeated

Parisians Storm the Tuileries Palace Triggered by the Brunswick Manifesto Upset Parisians storm the Tuileries Palace Kill the guards Arrest Louise XVI More than 1000 enemies of the revolution are arrested.

Jan. 1793 Louise XVI is beheaded FEAR Grips Paris Fear ensues as Prussia moves into France September Massacre 1600 people (nobles, priests, aristocrats) killed within 5 days Sept. 1792 Louise and Marie are imprisoned Jacobins declare a Republic: No more King France is able to push back Prussia Jan. 1793 Louise XVI is beheaded

Leveé en Masse Revolutionaries declare war on Prussia Austria Portugal Spain Britain Mass Drafts ensue, no payment for soldiers, they fight for the beliefs that push the revolution

Jacobin: Marat Published Newspaper: Friend of the People Believed wrongs should be paid with blood Motivated killings of September Massacre Charlotte Corday appalled by the Jacobin’s blood shed, kills Marat July 1793 Marat = Martyr of Revolution

Reign of Terror Begins Robespierre gains power through terror/fear Committee of Public Safety is established (summer 1793) Censorship of Press Death Penalty Lack of Religious Freedom All Anti-Elightenment ideas Over 40,000 people killed

Let Terror be the Order of the Day Terror is nothing other than justice: prompt, severe, inflexible. --Robespierre Robespierre is paranoid Jacobins gangs all around France (spies) Enemies of Revolution killed Speedy Trial “assembly line” Eliminate Christianity New Calendar. 10-day week. No Sunday Oct. 1793

Marie Antoinette is Beheaded Last queen of France Hated by the people Beheaded for Treason Oct. 1793

”Great Terror” Robespierre is establishing a dictatorship “Republic of Virtue” April 1794 Group rises against Jacobins Georges Danton (friend of Robespierre) wants to normalize things – goes against Robespierre. Robespierre sentences Danton to death

The Revolution Consumes its Children Suspicions rise against Robespierre He’s CRAZY, killed his allies His actions are hurting the Revolution National Convention goes against Robespierre July 1794 Robespierre Beheaded

Control of France Constitution establishes a government 1795 The Directory (executive: president): made up of 5 council members Legislative: 2 Houses (Upper & Lower) choose the council members of the executive Legislative has too much power Economic ills did not end Political instability did not end

WHO? Napoleon Bonaparte Directory begins to rely on Military, Military Leader turns on the Directory in a Coup d’état sudden overthrow of government 1799 Napoleon Bonaparte

Why it Matters… Changed the ideas of modern society What made it radical during this time period was its insistence on the universality of ideals Law comes from the citizens not from God or King and the law applies equally for everyone Asked new questions about the nature of people’s rights and the derivation of those rights.