Sleep Disorders

Two Major Categories* Dyssomnias Parasomnias

Dyssomnias The sleep itself is pretty normal. But the client sleeps too little, too much, or at the wrong time.

Parasomnias Something abnormal occurs during sleep itself, or during the times when the client is falling asleep or waking up (e.g., bad dreams.

I. Primary Sleep Disorders (cont.) A. Insomnia (too little sleep) Often due to: Major Depressive Episode or anxiety disorder Commonly misused substances, as well as some prescription medicines. Breathing-related problems

I. Primary Sleep Disorders Dyssomnias Hypersomnia (sleeping too much, as well as being drowsy at times when client should be alert) Excessive sleepiness Persists for 1 month or longer

I. Primary Sleep Disorders (cont.) B. Primary Hypersomnia (too much sleep) (cont.) Often due to: Major Depressive Episode, Dysthymic Disorder with atypical features Use of substances is less likely to produce hyersomnia than insomnia, but it can happen.

I. Primary Sleep Disorders Dyssomnias C. Narcolepsy (Sleeping at the wrong time) Characteristics Sleep intrudes into wakefulness, causing clients to fall asleep almost instantly Sleep is brief but refreshing

I. Primary Sleep Disorders Dyssomnias D. Breathing-Related Sleep Disorder Characteristics Sleep disruption (excessive sleepiness or insomnia) Due to sleep-related breathing condition (e.g., Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome)

I. Primary Sleep Disorders Dyssomnias E. Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder Characteristics Persistent or recurrent pattern of sleep disruption leading to excessive sleepiness or insomnia, due to mismatch between sleep-wake schedule.

I. Primary Sleep Disorders Parasomnias Nightmare Disorder Characteristics: (1) Repeated awakenings from bad dreams (2) When awakened client becomes oriented and alert

I. Primary Sleep Disorders Parasomnias A. Information about Nightmare Disorder The same nightmare may recur repeatedly or different ones may pop up three times a week. Stress may induce 60% of nightmares. Half of the cases of nightmare disorder appear before age 10; 2/3 before age 20. Dreams are clearly remembered

I. Primary Sleep Disorders Parasomnias Sleep Terror Disorder Characteristics: (1) Abrupt awakening from sleep, usually beginning with a panicky scream or cry. (2) Intense fear and signs of autonomic arousal (3) Unresponsive to efforts from other to calm client

I. Primary Sleep Disorders Parasomnias C. Sleepwalking Disorder Characteristics: (1) Rising from bed during sleep and walking about. (2) Usually occurs early in the night. (3) On awakening, the person has amnesia for episode https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yCYMebms2Ao

I. Primary Sleep Disorders Parasomnias C. Sleepwalking Disorder Treatment: Relaxation techniques Biofeedback training Hypnosis. May need to sleep on the ground floor, have outside doors securely locked, and have car keys unavailable.

I. Primary Sleep Disorders Parasomnias D. Examples Sleep-Talking: Often more annoying to partner than to sleeper. No memory of what you said. Sleep paralysis: inability to perform voluntary movement during the transition between waking and sleep. Usually associated with extreme anxiety, and sometimes fear of impending death.

Top 10 Sleep Disorders https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bnf97ClmIac