The eosinophil—quo vadis? Rafeul Alam, MD, PhD, William W Busse, MD  Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology  Volume 113, Issue 1, Pages 38-42 (January 2004) DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2003.10.054

FIG 1 Mechanism of induction of eosinophilia by various types of the immune response. The TH2-type immune response is the dominant and most effective mechanism of eosinophilia. However, both TH1 and innate mechanism are capable of inducing eosinophilia in the absence of a concomitant TH2 response. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2004 113, 38-42DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2003.10.054)

FIG 2 Putative role of eosinophils in asthma. A, Maintenance of a TH2 response by eosinophils. Eosinophils help recruit dendritic cells through eosinophil-derived neurotoxin. TH2 cells produce regulatory cytokines such as IL-5 and IL-13, which induce eosinophil differentiation and activation. Eosinophils, in return, produce IL-18, which is important for continued IL-13 production by TH2 cells. B, Eosinophil-derived mediators are toxic to epithelial cells and antagonize M2 muscarinic receptors in the airways. C, Eosinophils induce myofibroblast differentiation through the production of TGF–β and contribute to airway remodeling. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2004 113, 38-42DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2003.10.054)