A diagram summarizing the evolutionary history of the distal regions of chromosome arms 4L and 5L of Triticeae diploids. A diagram summarizing the evolutionary history of the distal regions of chromosome arms 4L and 5L of Triticeae diploids. Barley (H genome) diverged from the common ancestor of wheat and rye 11 MYA; rye (R genome) diverged from the common ancestor of wheat and goatgrass 7 MYA; and wheat (A genome) and A. tauschii (D genome) diverged 1.4 MYA. The dark filled triangles indicate the centromeres. The breakpoints and junctions of the 4L/5L translocation are indicated by the black and white dots. The genes flanking the translocation breakpoints and junctions are listed at the side in colors indicating their chromosome origin. The gene orders on 4HL and 5HL are tentative based on the barley draft genome sequences and the gene orders on 5RL and 7RS were deduced based on assumption of wheat-rye collinearity. The divergence time for the major Triticeae lineages was adopted from Huang et al. (2002) and Gornicki et al. (2014). Wanlong Li et al. G3 2016;6:3837-3847 ©2016 by Genetics Society of America