The mTOR Pathway in Lung Cancer and Implications for Therapy and Biomarker Analysis Simon Ekman, MD, PhD, Murry W. Wynes, PhD, Fred R. Hirsch, MD, PhD Journal of Thoracic Oncology Volume 7, Issue 6, Pages 947-953 (June 2012) DOI: 10.1097/JTO.0b013e31825581bd Copyright © 2012 International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Terms and Conditions
FIGURE 1 mTOR-signaling network. Activated growth factor receptors trigger activation of the PI3K/Akt pathways and the Ras/MEK/Erk pathway. Activated Akt leads to increased mTOR activity through signaling by means of the TSC1/2 complex. mTOR then phosphorylates S6K1 and 4E-BP1, resulting in increased gene transcription, cell growth, and cell proliferation. PI3-K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; AMPK, adenosine mono-phosphate-activated protein kinase; LKB1, liver kinase B1; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homologue; STRAD, Ste20-like adaptor protein; TSC, tuberous sclerosis complex; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; m, signaling proteins frequently mutated in lung cancer; bm, potential as biomarker; Ras, ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog; MEK, MAPK/ERK kinase; Erk, extracellular signal-regulated kinase. Journal of Thoracic Oncology 2012 7, 947-953DOI: (10.1097/JTO.0b013e31825581bd) Copyright © 2012 International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Terms and Conditions