Establishing National Parks in the Progressive Era

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Presentation transcript:

Establishing National Parks in the Progressive Era Yosemite, Sequoia, Yellowstone, Grand Canyon—photos from the National Park Service site See history of NPS at http://www.nps.gov/history/history/hisnps/NPShistory.htm

The Push for Change The Progressive Movement (1890-1917): a multi-faceted reform movement that addressed a number of issues/social ills associated with industrialization and urban growth. The movement peaked in 1912. Slaughterhouse picture: http://www.vw.vccs.edu/vwhansd/his122/Teddy/Images/slaughterhouse2.jpg Conservation Picture: Muir and Theodore Roosevelt in Yosemite taken from Glacier Point during their 1903 camping trip. http://www-muir.ucsd.edu/40Gifts/give.html. Child Labor Picture: Lewis Hine, A Bowery bootblack in New York. http://www.historyplace.com/unitedstates/childlabor/index.html; Public Parks/City Beautiful Movement: Entrance to Clark Park from 43rd St. & Baltimore Ave. 1927, The North section or 'A' Park was the first section to be turned into a park. Many of the plantings would be about 25 years old when this photo was taken. Philadelphia City Archives, photo 24121. http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/features/wphila/scrapbooks/grubel/26develop4.html Public Parks/ City Beautiful Movement Food and Drug Reform Child Labor

Saving For Later Generations: Conversation and Preservation "Optimism is a good characteristic, but if carried to an excess, it becomes foolishness. We are prone to speak of the resources of this country as inexhaustible; this is not so.” Theodore Roosevelt. Seventh Annual Message to Congress, December 3, 1907 Theodore Roosevelt, Seventh Annual Message to Congress, December 3, 1907. http://www.theodoreroosevelt.org/life/quotes.htm. Conservation Picture: Muir and Theodore Roosevelt in Yosemite taken from Glacier Point during their 1903 camping trip. http://www-muir.ucsd.edu/40Gifts/give.html. “Climb the mountains and get their good tidings. Nature's peace will flow into you as sunshine flows into trees. The winds will blow their own freshness into you, and the storms their energy, while cares will drop off like autumn leaves.” John Muir, Our National Parks (1901)

Preservation and the American Antiquities Act of 1906 The Act allows presidents to proclaim national monuments without the approval of Congress in order to preserve prehistoric, historic and other properties. Theodore Roosevelt designated the Grand Canyon National Monument in 1908 Photo. http://www.sharlot.org/exhibits/1898/images/rooseveltandbrodieatgrandcpo122.JPG.

Managing National Monuments Before the National Park Service was established, national parks and monuments were overseen by other federal agencies. War Department Dept. of the Interior’s General Land Office (GLO) Grand Canyon was managed by the GLO 1897-1905 In 1905, it was placed under the control of the United States Forest Service (USFS)

Grand Canyon Timeline 1893- President Benjamin Harrison proclaims the Grand Canyon a National Forest and Game Preserve 1908-President Theodore Roosevelt proclaims the Grand Canyon National Monument 1916- National Park Service is created 1919- Congress establishes Grand Canyon National Park Photo: Kolb Brothers. Grand Canyon From Ha Va Su (Havasu). Cline Digital Library. Northern Arizona University http://www6.nau.edu/library/scadb/imagedisplay.cfm?item_num=96888&control_num=15690&type=Image&criteria=(grand%20AND%20canyon)%20AND%20(Start%20Year%20<=%201920)%20AND%20(End%20Year%20>=%201900)