Re-epithelialization of Porcine Skin By The Sweat Apparatus

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Presentation transcript:

Re-epithelialization of Porcine Skin By The Sweat Apparatus Stanley J. Miller, Elizabeth M. Burke, Michael D. Rader, Pierre A. Coulombe, Robert M. Lavker Journal of Investigative Dermatology Volume 110, Issue 1, Pages 13-19 (January 1998) DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.1998.00087.x Copyright © 1998 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Deep and shallow wounded pig skin reveal differences in the wound bed. (a) Removal of 1.5mm of pig skin results in a wound bed that consists of subcutaneous fat (SF), fascial septae, and occasional portions of the sweat gland (SG) and ductal epithelium. The inset shows a higher magnification of the area within the box showing sweat gland (SG) surrounded by subcutaneous fat (SF); scale bar (inset a), 0.8 mm. (b) Removal of 0.5mm of pig skin retains much of the reticular dermis (RD) including portions of the lowermost hair follicles (HF) and sweat apparatus (SG). The inset shows a higher magnification of the area within the rectangle showing the bulb region of a hair follicle in the anagen phase of the hair growth cycle with a follicular papilla (FP) encircled by matrix (M) keratinocytes; scale bar (inset b), 1.0 mm. Scale bars, (a, b) 2.0 mm. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 1998 110, 13-19DOI: (10.1046/j.1523-1747.1998.00087.x) Copyright © 1998 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 The DWD epithelium is clinically distinct from the SWD epithelium. Thirty-five d postwounding, the DWD epithelium (a) appears as small oval smooth-surfaced tissue compared with the SWD epithelium (b), which appears clinically similar to the adjacent unwounded skin. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 1998 110, 13-19DOI: (10.1046/j.1523-1747.1998.00087.x) Copyright © 1998 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 The DWD epithelium has histologic characteristics similar to palmar/plantar or buccal epithelium. Thirty-five days after deep wounding there exists an extremely thick epithelium covered by a compact, parakeratotic stratum corneum (SC). The inset of stratum corneum in the upper right-hand corner shows horny cells containing remnants of cellular material (*);scale bar (upper inset), 0.63 mm. Prominent elongated rete ridges (RR) characterize the stromal/epithelial interface. Due to the elongated rete ridges, cross-sectional profiles of dermal papilla (DP) are often observed within the epithelial tissue. The inset in the lower left-hand corner gives a higher magnification of the area in the rectangle showing the round basal keratinocytes often separated by wide intercellular spaces (®); scale bar (lower inset), 0.6 mm. SR, spinous region; scale bar, 1.4 mm. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 1998 110, 13-19DOI: (10.1046/j.1523-1747.1998.00087.x) Copyright © 1998 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 The SWD epithelium is histologically similar to unwounded pig epidermis. Both SWD (a) and unwounded (b) pig epidermis, 35 d postwounding, are organized into rete ridges (RR) that interdigitate with dermal papilla (DP). The basal layer of both tissues contain nonserrated (NS) and serrated (S) basal keratinocytes. The uppermost portion of both tissues reveal several layers of flattened granular cells (GC) and a well-formed stratum corneum (SC). Scale bars, 0.4 mm. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 1998 110, 13-19DOI: (10.1046/j.1523-1747.1998.00087.x) Copyright © 1998 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 The dermal–epidermal junction of the DWD epithelium has ultrastructural features that differ from the SWD epithelium. Transmission electron micrographs of portions of the basal lamina complex from the 35 d postwounded DWD (a) and SWD (b) epithelia consist of the basal keratinocyte plasma membrane (pm), hemidesmosomes (hd), lamina lucida (®), and lamina densa (ld). Lack of anchoring fibrils (af) and a band of collagen (arrowheads) immediately beneath the lamina densa of the DWD epithelium are the major features of the basal lamina complex that differ between the DWD and SDW epithelia. Scale bars, 0.4 μm. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 1998 110, 13-19DOI: (10.1046/j.1523-1747.1998.00087.x) Copyright © 1998 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 6 Ultrastructural features of basal keratinocytes from DWD and SWD epithelia 35 d postwounding. The DWD (a) basal keratinocytes located at the tips of the rete are characterized by rounded cells with a microvillus (mv) surface separated by wide intercellular spaces (®). Keratin filaments (k) are primarily situated at the cell periphery. The SWD (b, c) basal keratinocytes along the shoulders of the rete ridges and above the apices of the dermal papilla (B) are columnar, have a serrated dermal–epidermal interface, and contain numerous bundles of keratin filaments (k), whereas the cells at the tips of the rete ridges (B) are small, rounded, and filled with ribosomes (r). d, desmosome. Scale bars, 2 μm. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 1998 110, 13-19DOI: (10.1046/j.1523-1747.1998.00087.x) Copyright © 1998 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 7 Lamellar granules and keratohyalin granules are less prominent in keratinocytes from DWD epithelium compared with SWD epithelium. Transmission electron micrographs of uppermost spinous (S), granular (G), and lowermost stratum corneum (SC) regions from DWD (a) and SWD (c) epithelia 35 d postwounding. Numerous membrane-bound lamellar granules (®) are present in SWD keratinocytes (d) compared with keratinocytes from the DWD epithelium (b). Keratohyalin granules (kg) were large in SWD keratinocytes (d) although small electron dense granules could also be seen in keratinocytes from DWD epithelium (b). Scale bars, (a, c) 2 mm, (b, d) 0.4 mm. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 1998 110, 13-19DOI: (10.1046/j.1523-1747.1998.00087.x) Copyright © 1998 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 8 Stratum corneum from the DWD epithelium is comprised of parakeratotic horny cells. The DWD horny cells (a) 35 d postwounding contain filaments (f) aggregated into bundles, nuclear remnants (n), and electronlucent droplets (ld); morphologic features associated with parakeratotoic horny cells. In contrast, SWD horny cells (b) are comprised of a filament/matrix complex (f-m) enveloped by a modified plasma membrane (®); features characteristic of normal horny cells. Scale bars, 0.3 mm. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 1998 110, 13-19DOI: (10.1046/j.1523-1747.1998.00087.x) Copyright © 1998 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 9 The keratin profile of the DWD epithelium differs from that of the SWD epithelium or the nonwounded epidermis. One-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic profiles of nonwounded (lane A), SDW (lane B), and DWD (lane C) epidermis 35 d postwounding. Only a minor amount of the 56.5kDa keratin is detected in the DWD keratin filament extract, and the higher molecular weight (65 and 61.5kDa) keratins, which are markers of cornified epithelia, are almost completely absent. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 1998 110, 13-19DOI: (10.1046/j.1523-1747.1998.00087.x) Copyright © 1998 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions