Round Table on Environment Friendly Energy RT-3 Round Table on Environment Friendly Energy World Energy Council Indian Member Committee India Energy Congress - 31.01.2007 K.K. Gupta, ED (S, H&E), IOCL, C.O.

“ WE HAVE BORROWED ENVIRONMENT FOR OUR FUTURE GENERATIONS” WE MUST PRESERVE IT

GDP Growth of India

Top Primary Energy Consuming Countries 2005 Total World Energy Consumption: 10537 mtoe India: per capita energy consumption 351 kgoe against 1627 kgoe world average

Primary Commercial Energy Mix World World 2003 2030 10517 mtoe 18040 mtoe CAGR: 2% Oil & Gas continue to play major role India India 2003-04 2031-32 327 mtoe 1651 mtoe CAGR: 6.2% Coal & Oil continue to play major role; Gas is emerging Source – World: EIA-2006; India: IEP 2006

Demand of Petroleum Products in India Year Demand Growth Rate MMT % 2002-03 104.126 3.7 2003-04 107.751 3.5 2004-05 111.633 3.6 2005-06 111.920 0.3 2011-12* 132.00 2.9 2016-17* 160.00 4.0 * Projected

Petroleum Activities Exploration & Production Refining Transportation Storage & Handling Marketing & Distribution

Road map for Fuel Quality improvement in India Passenger Cars, LCV & Heavy Duty diesel vehicles 2/3 wheelers BS-II BS-III Euro III Eq BS IV Euro IV Eq 11 Major cities (Delhi/NCR, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Ahmedabad, Pune, Surat, Kanpur & Agra) Done by 1-Apr-03 1-Apr-05 Target 1-Apr-10 Entire Country by 1-Apr-05 By Preferably from 1.4.2008 but not later tan 1.4.2010 Sulphur content in ppm (max) Fuel BS-II BS-III/Euro-III BS-IV/Euro-IV Petrol 500 150 50 Diesel 500 350 50 Source: Auto Fuel Policy, GoI

Environmental Effects and Mitigation Air Emissions to atmosphere Mitigation S02, NOx, SPM, Hydrocarbon, 1. Use of low sulphur fuel & SRU CO2 2. Tall stacks for better dispersion 3. FR Tanks for Crude and light HC 4. Low NOx burners 5. Cyclone separators in FCCU 6. PL transportation of Crude and Products 7. ENCON Measures 8. Adv. Process control Systems 9. Auto fuel Quality improvement meeting EURO III norms

Environmental Effects and Mitigation Water Effluent Discharge Mitigation pH, Oil, Phenol, Sulfide, TSS 1.State of the art ETP comprising of Physical, Chemical, Biological & Tertiary Treatment Techniques 2. Reduction of effluent generation at source 3. Reuse of treated effluent 4. Oil Spill Response facilities Towards zero effluent

Environmental Effects and Mitigation Solid Wastes Sludge Management Mitigation Oily Sludge, Chemical Sludge 1. Oil Recovery from sludge Bio sludge 2. Side entry mixers in crude and heavy product tanks 3.Secured land fill 4. Bio remediation of oily sludge 5. H2O2 & wet air oxidation treatment for spent caustic treatment 6. Use of Bio sludge in plantation

Environmental Effects and Mitigation Green House Gases Mitigation CO2, CH4 1. CDM projects for CO2 sequestration 2. Efficiency improvement 3. Use of renewable sources of energy

Alternate Environment Friendly Fuels

NEED FOR ALTERNTIVE FUELS DEPLETION OF NATURAL RESOURCES MAJOR OIL DISRUPTIONS GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS LONG TERM AVAILIBILTY RENEWABLE RURAL DEVELPMENT FOREX SAVINGS INCREASE IN PRIMARY ENERGY SUP

TYPES OF ALTERNATE FUELS NATURAL GASES BIO FUELS CNG. LNG. LPG H-CNG BIO DIESEL, METHANOL ETHANOL

COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS - CNG MOST WIDELY USED FORMS OF ENERGY REDUCED EMISSION OF AIRBORNE TOXINS CNG MARKET PERFORMANCE STABILITY CNG VEHICLES IN INDIA

LNG

Vehicle Revolution…..India Cars & 2 Wheelers/1000 of Population

Local Issue-What Delhi has achieved On Fuel Quality Introduced low sulphur fuels with 1% Benzene. Mandated pre-mix petrol to two and three wheelers. On Vehicle technology Enforced EURO II emission standards in 2000, five years ahead of schedule and EURO III in 2005 On alternative fuels Implemented largest ever CNG programme – more than 100,000 CNG vehicles in one city within a span of 5 years Largest ever public transport bus fleet on clean fuels – 10,600 CNG buses Other cross cutting policy measures Improved air quality monitoring Strengthened vehicle inspection programme Efforts made to bypass transit traffic Set up independent fuel testing laboratories to check fuel adulteration

AUTO LPG –Salient features AUTO LPG is safe ,cheaper and has no logistics problem.

Comparative characteristics 2 Vol % Benzene Less than 5 50 500 100 ppm Sulphur Content 21@ -162 Deg C 25 35.9 32.5 Mj/l Calorific Value 0.42 @ -162 Deg C 0.54 0.845 0.775 Kg/l Liquid Density 120(Plus) 88 NA 85.2 MON Motor Octane NO CNG Auto LPG Diesel Petrol Unit Properties Characteristics indicate better performance & emissions Of Gaseous fuels

Comparative Emissions 100 Poly-Aromatic hydrocarbons 700 50 Particulates 8 5 Benzene,Toluene,Xylene 1000 Nitrogen Dioxide(NO2) 35 Carbon Monoxide Diesel LP Gas Gasoline Pollutant 100 50 45 Global warming potential 87 89 LPG on over all parameters has potential in reducing Pollution & Can improve urban air quality

Suggestions Providing reliable, affordable, economically viable, socially acceptable and environmentally sound energy services e.g. Encourage use of LPG/CNG Use of energy efficient gas stoves Optimal & Efficient use of energy in Industry Incentive for ENCON measures Adopting proven environment friendly technologies e.g. CCRU, DHDS, DHDT, MSQU, SRU (99.9% conversion) Provide mass transport system in big cities Incentive for industries excelling the statutory norms Intensify R&D efforts for solar energy and Hydrogen and other renewable energies

Thanks