From Bacteria to Plants Pages 8-21

Characteristics of Bacteria Anton von Leeuwenhoek discovered bacteria when he observed scrapings of his teeth.

Structure of Bacterial Cells Bacteria come in 3 basic shapes Cocci which looks like sphere Spirillum which looks like spiral Bacillus which looks like a rod They are considered to be living because they are made up of cells.

Structure of Bacterial Cells Here is a typical bacterial cell Ribosomes make proteins Flagellum = movement Capsule = prevents drying Chomosome = genetic material

Structure of Bacterial Cells Bacteria are prokaryotes, which means they lack a nucleus. Some bacteria have features such as a capsule, slime layer or flagella to help them survive in unfavorable environments.

Bacterial Reproduction Asexual Reproduction (Binary Fission) Involves 1 parent Offspring are identical to the parent Often do this through fission: a process in which one cell divides to form two identical cells

Bacterial Reproduction Sexual Reproduction (Conjugation) Involves 2 parents, combination of both parents’ genetic material Creates a New Organism Results in bacteria with new combination of genetic material Doesn’t increase the number of bacteria Increase kinds of bacteria

Obtaining Food and Energy Can either be autotrophs or heterotrophs Most are consumers Breakdown food in a process called respiration

Kingdoms of Bacteria Eubacteria Archaebacteria Live almost everywhere Most are useful or harmless Some cause disease (tetanus & strep throat) Help maintain some of Earth’s conditions Archaebacteria Found in extreme conditions

Beneficial Bacteria Some ways bacteria are good for us Make antibiotics Produce vitamins Aid in digestion of food Recycle materials Used for fuel In foods Clean up waste (pollutants) Make cleansers

Harmful Bacteria Some ways bacteria are bad for us Pathogens = cause disease Produce toxins = poisons Infectious Disease: Disease caused by virus, bacteria, protist, or fungi AND spreads.

Preventing and Treating Bacterial Diseases Vaccines can be effective against preventing bacterial diseases. Bacterial diseases CAN be treated with antibiotics. Pasteurization = heating a liquid to kill the bacteria.

Bacteria Vocabulary Consumers Flagella Antibiotic Fission Saprophyte Nitrogen-fixing bacteria Pathogen Toxin Vaccine Flagella Fission Aerobe Anaerobe Coccus Bacillus Spirilum