Interleukin-1 system messenger ribonucleic acid and protein expression in human fallopian tube may be associated with ectopic pregnancy Hong-Yuan Huang,

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Interleukin-1 system messenger ribonucleic acid and protein expression in human fallopian tube may be associated with ectopic pregnancy Hong-Yuan Huang, M.D., She-Hung Chan, B.Sc., Chun-Hsing Wu, M.D., Chia-Woei Wang, M.D., Chyong-Huey Lai, M.D.,, Yung-Kuei Soong, M.D., M. Phil. Fertility and Sterility Volume 84, Issue 5, Pages 1484-1492 (November 2005) DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.05.039 Copyright © 2005 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

FIGURE 1 Presence of tissue macrophages in human fallopian tube epithelium demonstrated immunohistochemically using primary antibodies to human macrophages (CD68). A brown reaction product indicated a positive reaction for antibody staining (arrow). (A) Human endometrium. (B) Fallopian tube with ectopic pregnancy (Magnification: ×200). Huang. IL-1 expression in fallopian tube with ectopic pregnancy. Fertil Steril 2005. Fertility and Sterility 2005 84, 1484-1492DOI: (10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.05.039) Copyright © 2005 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

FIGURE 2 Representative studies of immunohistochemistry study for IL-1 system in human fallopian tube with ectopic pregnancy. (A) Human endometrial samples as positive control for IL-1 receptor type 1, using Horseradish peroxidase staining technique. The inset photo was the negative control with deletion of primary antibody. (B) IL-1β and (C) IL-1ra identified in the human oviduct samples from patients with ectopic pregnancy. (D) IL-1 receptor type 1 identified in normal control tubes. The inset photos in B through D were the negative controls, omitting the primary antibodies for matched tissues and targets. The major immunoreactivity of IL-1 system was expressed in the tubal epithelium. No differences in protein levels were observed among the various portions of the fallopian tube with ectopic pregnancy or paraportions close to ectopic pregnancy (Magnification: ×200). Huang. IL-1 expression in fallopian tube with ectopic pregnancy. Fertil Steril 2005. Fertility and Sterility 2005 84, 1484-1492DOI: (10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.05.039) Copyright © 2005 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

FIGURE 3 Representative experiment showing steady-state amount of human fallopian tube IL-1β mRNA determined by quantitative competitive polymerase chain reaction (QC-PCR) in tubes containing ectopic pregnancy and in normal control. (A–B) Standard curve for IL-1β mRNA obtained by plotting the logarithmically transformed ratios of the densities of target cDNA (0.01–40 pg/μL) to competitive cDNA (100 fg) against the log amount of initially added target cDNA in each PCR. (C–D) Quantitative PCR of IL-1β mRNA expression in a human fallopian tube: ectopic pregnancy, paraectopic tube, and normal control tube. Values are mean ± standard error of measurements on three representatives experiments. Huang. IL-1 expression in fallopian tube with ectopic pregnancy. Fertil Steril 2005. Fertility and Sterility 2005 84, 1484-1492DOI: (10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.05.039) Copyright © 2005 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

FIGURE 4 Ratio of IL-1β to IL-1 receptor antagonist in human fallopian tubes with or without ectopic pregnancy. The ratio of IL-1β to IL-1ra mRNA was decreased in human fallopian tubes with ectopic pregnancy compared with parafallopian and normal control tubes (P=.22). Values are mean ± standard error of measurements of three representatives experiments. Analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis between groups. Huang. IL-1 expression in fallopian tube with ectopic pregnancy. Fertil Steril 2005. Fertility and Sterility 2005 84, 1484-1492DOI: (10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.05.039) Copyright © 2005 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions