1-Clavicle عظم الترقوة هام SHOULDER GIRDLE: Is made of 1- clavicle 2- scapula 1-Clavicle عظم الترقوة It has two ends: A-acromial (lateral) B-sternal (medial) هام اين توجد فى جسمك؟

هام 2- scapula It has : A-acromion process B-coracoid process C-glenoid cavity هام اين توجد فى جسمك؟

1 The bones of the upper limbs 2 3 4 5 6

Long bone ? 1-The bone of the arm THE HUMERUS BONE A IT HAS A-Upper end B-Lower end C- shaft Upper end اين توجد فى جسمك؟ It has the following parts: a-head b- anatomical neck c- surgical neck d-greater tubercle e- lesser tubercle C B Lower end a- medial epicondyle b- lateral epicondyle c-capitulum d- trochlea

B- The radius(LATERAL) 2-Bones of the forearm A- The ulna (MEDIAL) B- The radius(LATERAL) اين توجد فى جسمك؟ A- The ulna (MEDIAL) B- The radius(LATERAL)

1- Olecranon 2- Trochlear notch 3-Coronoid process 4- Ulnar tuberosity A- The ulna (MEDIAL) Long bone ? A A-Upper end B-Lower end C- shaft Upper end 1- Olecranon 2- Trochlear notch 3-Coronoid process 4- Ulnar tuberosity C LOWER end 1-Head of ulna B Head of ulna

1- Head 2- Neck 3- Radial tuberosity 1- Styloid Process Long bone ? A B- The Radius(LATERAL) Long bone ? A-Upper end B-Lower end C- shaft A Upper end 1- Head 2- Neck 3- Radial tuberosity C B Lower End 1- Styloid Process Styloid Process

A-Carpal bones The skeleton of the hand Arranged into two rows: Proximal Distal Proximal row From lateral to medial when viewed from anteriorly 1-Scaphoid, the boat-shaped 2- Lunate, 'crescent shape' 3-Triquetrum, the three-sided 4- Pisiform, the pea-shaped Distal row From lateral to medial and when viewed from anteriorly, consists of: 5-Trapezium the irregular four-sided 6-Trapezoid 7- Capitate, which has a head 8-Hamate, which has a hook

METACARPAL BONES PHALANGES

of the inferior ramus of the pubis Hip bone is made of: 1-The ilium 2-The ischium 3-The pubis Posterior view of the hip bone Just for general knowledge They meet one another by means of triradiate cartilage at the Acetabulum and cartilaginous union of the inferior ramus of the pubis with the ramus of the ischium. Remember that Near the age of 17 the Triradiate cartilage will be replaced by bony union X-ray? cartilaginous union

Ischial spine Ischial tuberosity Lateral surface of the right hip bone 1- Iliac creast Anterior superior iliac spine posterior superior iliac spine posterior inferior iliac spine Anterior inferior iliac spine Ischial spine 3- 2- Ischial tuberosity

The hip bones articulate with the sacrum at the sacroiliac joints posteriorly while anteriorly they articulate with one another at the symphysis pubis. sacroiliac joints hip bone sacrum symphysis pubis femur

Long bone ? Left femur (anterior view) head of femur greater trochanter Long bone ? neck Upper end Lower end And a shaft Lesser trochanter The upper end or proximal end Shaft or body The lower end or distal end lateral epicondyle Medial epicondyle lateral condyle Medial condyle

linea aspera Left femur (posterior view) greater trochanter Lesser trochanter linea aspera medial condyle lateral condyle

Patella Triangular sesamoid bone Contained within patellar ligament

Right Tibia shin tibia Lateral condyle Medial condyle Anterior view Tuberosity Of Tibia Medial surface Upper end Lateral surface Anterior border shin tibia Lower end Medial malleolus

Head Neck Right fibula- anterior view Lateral malleolus

Navicular bone Cuboid bone Talus bone Calcaneus Distal phalanx First metatarsal bone Middle phalanx Proximal phalanx Fifth metatarsal bone Medial cuneiform bone Intermediate cuneiform bone Lateral cuneiform bone Navicular bone Cuboid bone Talus bone Calcaneus Bones of the right foot

لا تخترق العظام فتترك على الصورة شكلها المعروف لديك(X-RAY لاحظ ان الاشعة السينية( Not an exam material

Not an exam material

Not an exam material

Not an exam material

Arches of the Foot body weight 100% The bones of the foot are arranged in two arches that are held in position by ligaments and tendons The arches provide an ideal distribution of body weight over the soft and hard tissues of the foot 50% On the right side 50% On the left side Normally, the ball of the foot carries about 40% of the weight and the heel carries about 60%. Usually, the arches are fully developed by age 12 or 13. 20% 30% The ball of the foot The heel

A- longitudinal arch 1-The medial Longitudinal arch 2-The lateral longitudinal arch B-The transverse arch 1 2 3 1-The medial Longitudinal arch Made of: a-Calcaneus b-Talus c-Navicular, d-The three cuneiforms, e- The heads of the three medial metatarsals.

2-The lateral longitudinal arch a-Calcaneus b- Cuboid c-The heads of the two lateral metatarsals B-The transverse arch is formed by: 1-The navicular 2-Three cuneiforms 3-The bases of the five metatarsals.

Flat foot Is a condition in which the medial longitudinal arch is depressed or collapsed. As a result, The the talus is no longer supported and the body weight forces it downward and medially between the calcaneum and the navicular bone Fallen arches may lead to inflammation of the fascia of the sole stress fractures … The causes of flat foot are both congenital and acquired When a person wears high-heeled shoes, however, the distribution of weight changes so that the ball of the foot may carry up to 80% and the heel 20%. As a result, the fat pads at the ball of the foot are damaged, joint pain develops, and structural changes in bones may occur. Just for reading