Prostaglandin E2 and aggressive factors increase the gland luminal pressure in the rat gastric mucosa in vivo  Ingrid Synnerstad, Lena Holm  Gastroenterology  Volume 114, Issue 6, Pages 1276-1286 (June 1998) DOI: 10.1016/S0016-5085(98)70434-2 Copyright © 1998 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 (A) Gland luminal pressure (mm Hg; top) and acid secretion (μEq/min; bottom) in rats stimulated continuously with pentagastrin (40 μg · kg−1 · h−1 IV). Values are means ± SE during a steady-state period of approximately 10 minutes for glandular pressure and 10–20 minutes for acid secretion. NaCl before, during a control period (n = 6); PG 1 top., during topical application of PGE2 (1 μg/mL; n = 6); NaCl after, after the PGE2 was changed to isotonic saline (n = 4; it was possible to continue the measurements of glandular pressure in 4 of the 6 experiments). *P < 0.05 compared with the “NaCl before” value (ANOVA, repeated measures). NaCl before, during a control period (n = 6); PG 12 IA, during IA infusion (catheter inserted in the retrograde direction into the hepatic artery) of PGE2 (12 μg · kg−1 · h−1; n = 6); NaCl after, after the PGE2 infusion was stopped and changed to isotonic saline (n = 5; it was possible to continue the measurements of glandular pressure in 5 of the 6 experiments). *P < 0.05 compared with the “NaCl before” value (ANOVA, repeated measures). (B) An example of a recording of gland luminal pressure (mm Hg; middle tracing) in a pentagastrin-treated rat that received an IA infusion of PGE2 (12 μg · kg−1 · h−1) close to the stomach. Also included are the MAP (upper tracing) and gastric mucosal blood flow in perfusion units measured by LDF (lower tracing). After a control period, IA infusion of isotonic saline (1 mL/h; catheter inserted in the retrograde direction into the hepatic artery) was stopped and changed to IA infusion of PGE2 (12 μg · kg−1 · h−1). Gastroenterology 1998 114, 1276-1286DOI: (10.1016/S0016-5085(98)70434-2) Copyright © 1998 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 (A) Gland luminal pressure (mm Hg; top) and acid secretion (μEq/min; bottom) in rats stimulated continuously with pentagastrin (40 μg · kg−1 · h−1 IV). Values are means ± SE during a steady-state period of approximately 10 minutes for glandular pressure and 10–20 minutes for acid secretion. NaCl before, during a control period (n = 6); PG 1 top., during topical application of PGE2 (1 μg/mL; n = 6); NaCl after, after the PGE2 was changed to isotonic saline (n = 4; it was possible to continue the measurements of glandular pressure in 4 of the 6 experiments). *P < 0.05 compared with the “NaCl before” value (ANOVA, repeated measures). NaCl before, during a control period (n = 6); PG 12 IA, during IA infusion (catheter inserted in the retrograde direction into the hepatic artery) of PGE2 (12 μg · kg−1 · h−1; n = 6); NaCl after, after the PGE2 infusion was stopped and changed to isotonic saline (n = 5; it was possible to continue the measurements of glandular pressure in 5 of the 6 experiments). *P < 0.05 compared with the “NaCl before” value (ANOVA, repeated measures). (B) An example of a recording of gland luminal pressure (mm Hg; middle tracing) in a pentagastrin-treated rat that received an IA infusion of PGE2 (12 μg · kg−1 · h−1) close to the stomach. Also included are the MAP (upper tracing) and gastric mucosal blood flow in perfusion units measured by LDF (lower tracing). After a control period, IA infusion of isotonic saline (1 mL/h; catheter inserted in the retrograde direction into the hepatic artery) was stopped and changed to IA infusion of PGE2 (12 μg · kg−1 · h−1). Gastroenterology 1998 114, 1276-1286DOI: (10.1016/S0016-5085(98)70434-2) Copyright © 1998 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Glandular pressure (mm Hg; top) and acid secretion (μEq/min; bottom) in rats that received pentagastrin (Penta) continuously (40 μg · kg−1 · h−1 IV; n = 6). Seventeen to 51 minutes after a bolus injection of indomethacin (3 mg/kg IV) was given, a new level was reached (Penta + Indo; n = 6). Values are means ± SE during a steady-state period of approximately 10 minutes for gland luminal pressure and 10–20 minutes for acid secretion. *P < 0.05 compared with the “NaCl before” value (Student's t test for paired data). Gastroenterology 1998 114, 1276-1286DOI: (10.1016/S0016-5085(98)70434-2) Copyright © 1998 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 MAP (mm Hg; top), gastric mucosal blood flow as measured by LDF (% of control; middle), and acid secretion (μEq/min, bottom) in rats that received pentagastrin continuously (n = 6) during topical application of PGE2 in successively increasing concentrations (1, 5, 10, and 50 μg/mL; a 10-minute period for each concentration). Values are means ± SE during a steady-state period of approximately 10 minutes for MAP and 5–10 minutes for gastric mucosal blood flow. *P < 0.05 compared with the control period (100%) (ANOVA, repeated measures). Gastroenterology 1998 114, 1276-1286DOI: (10.1016/S0016-5085(98)70434-2) Copyright © 1998 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Gland luminal pressure (mm Hg; top) and gastric mucosal blood flow as measured by LDF (% of control; bottom). Values are means ± SE during a steady-state period of 5–10 minutes for both variables. NaCl before, during a control period (n = 7); HCl 10 and HCl 100, during topical administration of 10 mmol/L HCl (n = 7) and 100 mmol/L HCl (n = 7), respectively; NaCl after, after HCl was changed to isotonic saline (n = 4; it was possible to continue the measurements of glandular pressure in 4 of the 7 experiments). *P < 0.05 compared with the “NaCl before” value (ANOVA, repeated measures). NaCl before, during a control period (n = 6); HCl 10 and HCl 100, during topical application of 10 mmol/L HCl (n = 6) and 100 mmol/L HCl (n = 6), respectively, in rats pretreated with indomethacin (indo; 3 mg/kg IV). Gastroenterology 1998 114, 1276-1286DOI: (10.1016/S0016-5085(98)70434-2) Copyright © 1998 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 Gland luminal pressure (mm Hg; top) and gastric mucosal blood flow measured by LDF (% of control; bottom). Values are means ± SE during a steady-state period of approximately 5–10 minutes for both variables. NaCl before, during a control period (n = 6); ET 20 and ET 40, during topical administration of 20% ethanol (n = 6) and 40% ethanol (n = 6), respectively; NaCl after, after the ethanol was changed to isotonic saline (n = 4; it was possible to continue the measurements of glandular pressure in 4 of the 6 experiments). *P < 0.05 compared with the “NaCl before” value (ANOVA, repeated measures). NaCl before, during a control period (n = 6); ET 20 and ET 40, during topical administration of 20% ethanol (n = 6) and 40% ethanol (n = 6), respectively, in animals pretreated with indomethacin (indo; 3 mg/kg IV). Gastroenterology 1998 114, 1276-1286DOI: (10.1016/S0016-5085(98)70434-2) Copyright © 1998 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions