WP 3 Land use planning and land management Responsible Institutions: WP Lead: Leibniz Institute of Ecological Urban and Regional Development (IOER) WP Co-Lead: Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Technische Universität Dresden (TUD) China Center for Urban Development (CCUD) Eurocities (EUR) Presenter: Stefanie Roessler (IOER)

Objectives of WP 3 „Land use planning and land management“ Promote a discussion about alternative solutions addressing socially integrative urban expansion and urban renewal with regard of land use planning and land management in Chinese cities. Provide fact-based and tested knowledge about the feasibility and acceptance of measures to accelerate urban transition and possible transition pathways towards social integration related to land use planning and land management in Chinese cities. Nurture the discussion in Europe about future forms of land use planning and land management. WP 3

Objectives of WP 3 „Land use planning and land management“ First year Promote a discussion about alternative solutions addressing socially integrative urban expansion and urban renewal with regard of land use planning and land management in Chinese cities. Provide fact-based and tested knowledge about the feasibility and acceptance of measures to accelerate urban transition and possible transition pathways towards social integration related to land use planning and land management in Chinese cities. Nurture the discussion in Europe about future forms of land use planning and land management. Knowledge base WP 3

Tasks

Tasks

Implementation during the first year – establishing the knowledge base Framework Policy framework (tasks 3.1 + 3.2) Legal and financial instruments of land banking and land administration in the land development process (task 3.3) Terms, concepts and comprehension of urban renewal and expansion in EU and China (all) Identification of drivers and challenges Good practice approaches Drivers of renewal in Europe and China; Challenges from the perspective of fostering socially integrative urban renewal (task 3.1) Collection of good practice approaches in urban expansion and renewal in Europe (tasks 3.1 + 3.2) Drivers of urban expansion; Overview of the institutional, land use planning and fiscal framework in China (task 3.2) Measures promoting social integration and driving forces of transformation in Europe (tasks 3.1 + 3.2) Chinese challenges in the field of land banking and land administration to strengthen social integration (task 3.3) Land development instruments in Europe to ensure social integration (task 3.3)

Deliverable 3.1 Executive summary Introduction Policy Framework Programmes and policies EU Programmes and policies China Comparatative perspective and relevance for the project Current Situation in China and Europe Urban Renewal Urban Expansion Streamlining Land Management and Administration Urban Renewal, Urban Expansion, Land Management and the Socially Integrative City Outlook and Further Steps

Task 3.1 Urban renewal European experiences: Comprehensive and integrated approach of urban regeneration in EU Crucial components of socially integrative urban regeneration in Europe: Strong role of policies and programmes Targeted funding schemes, incentives for initiating/supporting private activities Importance of regulations and laws to steer the process Awareness of the role of local communities and participation Challenges of fostering socially integrative cities by urban renewal in China: Diversity of urban renewal approaches and concepts in China Policy lagging behind the practice, legalizing instead guiding Government led mode vs. developers mode Financing model as crucial challenge (relocation costs) Transition to quality approaches requires new concepts and modes [from Technical Report] According to the description of work the knowledge base on socially integrative urban renewal has been built. It is contained in the deliverable D3.1, which is publicly available. The knowledge base about the current framework, challenges and experiences of urban renewal both in China and Europe has been derived from policy documents and strategy papers on different levels of policy and specific programmes, the review of scientific literature and practical experiences. As a general background, a review about the policy framework, both in Europe and China has been elaborated and has been presented in D3.1 (chapter 2.1.2 and 2.2.3). To have a basis for a joint understanding of urban renewal within the project and the reliability of the findings, the terms and definitions being used in the context of urban renewal have been compiled. While in Europe the debate and practice mainly refers to urban regeneration as an integrative and comprehensive approach to deal with existing deprived urban structures and their adaptation to social, economic and ecological challenges, in China the discussion differentiates between urban redevelopment, rehabilitation and renewal, being each characterized by different drivers, scales and targets. The particular Chinese challenges from the perspective of fostering socially integrative cities by urban renewal have been reflected within the group and are summarized in D3.1 (chapter 3.1.2.1). Following this, the dimensions of urban renewal, which can be distinguished in drivers, key characteristics, stakeholders and patterns have been analysed. As an analytical framework for elaborating practice experiences the manifold drivers of urban renewal activities have been described. Starting from this, urban renewal approaches in terms of good practice experiences in Europe have been outlined, showing national steering approaches to address urban renewal challenges (D3.1 chapter 3.1.3). Key aspects to accelerate urban sustainability have been derived and discussed in a comparative perspective within the work package. First conclusions reflecting the components of transformative capacity and the characteristics of a socially integrative city have been presented in D3.1, chapter 3.1.4). The findings have been discussed in work package WebMeetings, presented in monthly project WebMeetings and during the project workshop (September 2018, Beijing). Besides an internal report, the main findings have been included in D3.1. WP 3

Task 3.2 Urban expansion European experiences: Since the 1950s, cities have expanded on a higher rate than population growth (implementation of urban expansion areas and large housing states) Urban expansion as a main threat to EU sustainable development Urban growth management in Europe shifted from containing growth to guiding it (three crucial elements: city-vision (strategic planning), multi-level governance and co-responsibility) Challenges for fostering socially integrative urban expansion in China: Government seems to dominate China's urban development, but the central government has created a competitive environment, attracting market players Urban expansion has created and excessive housing supply outpacing the demand of rural migrants in China. Additionally, there is a huge demand for affordable housing with many migrants forced to live in shared houses. Population density is increasing in China, but the living space for residents is very limited leading to problems such as the lack of public space. Knowledge Base: Urbanisation in China proceeds quickly while policy structures, planning and fiscal mechanisms adjust slowly. Government promotion seems to dominate China's urban development, but in fact, the central government has created a competitive development environment, attracting the participation of market players. Despite the European city reputation of being dense, multifunctional and compact areas, since the 1950s, cities have expanded on a higher rate than population growth, through the implementation of pilot cities (urban expansion areas and large housing states). Urban growth management in Europe has evolved shifting from containing growth to guiding it. Most recent approaches share three elements: a city-vision (strategic planning), multi-level governance and co-responsibility. The sprawl context in China is markedly different from Europe; however, both share the hope of finding a path towards more environmentally friendly cities reflected in the EU-China partnership on green urbanisation. WP 3

Task 3.3 Land banking and land administration European experiences: Very high-security standard for land registration systems in most countries (title system) Balance of costs and benefits for the developer Challenges for transition to a socially integrative land management in China: China uses different land registration systems within the country. The challenge is that this system must record land use rights as well as ownership. Development costs (incl. infrastructure) are completely transferred to the developer, benefits are transferred to the state Land use right transfer system and the high development costs are the main causes of high housing prices Supply and withdrawal mechanism of rural construction land is unclear (scope of land expropriation is too wide, compensation is unreasonable, problems in the market entry of collective-owned construction land) WP 3

From “Knowledge Base“ to “Transformative Knowledge“ and “Recommendations” Add more case study results concerning transformative capacity and the socially integrative city in Europe and China Finalise input for book about the „Transition towards urban sustainability through socially integrative cities“ Activities in Urban Living Labs: Get feedback on knowledge base results and their relevance for practical application in a workshop in Jingdezhen with local stakeholders in September 2019 Cooperate with stakeholders in Wuhan in order to develop and discuss tools and measures to accelerate the transition towards socially integrative cities Carry out joint field studies in Wuhan in September 2019 Conduct Urban Living Lab workshop in Wuhan in May 2020 with a discussion of results concerning the transformative knowledge, i.e. tools and measures to accelerate the transition towards socially integrative cities in China Recommendations: Prepare contribution for online presentation of tools and measures Derive conclusions and produce inputs for Policy Briefs WP 3

WP 3 Land use planning and land management Responsible Institutions: WP Lead: Leibniz Institute of Ecological Urban and Regional Development (IOER) WP Co-Lead: Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Technische Universität Dresden (TUD) China Center for Urban Development (CCUD) Eurocities (EUR) Presenter: Stefanie Roessler (IOER)

Implementation regarding the knowledge base Framework: Synopsis of the policy framework of urban development (EU + China) (tasks 3.1. and 3.2) Synopsis of legal and financial instruments of land banking and land administration in the land development process (task 3.3) Reflection of terms, concepts and comprehension of urban renewal and expansion in EU and China (all) Drivers and challenges: Summary of the particular Chinese challenges from the perspective of fostering socially integrative cities by urban renewal (task 3.1) Synopsis of drivers of urban extension and overview of the institutional, land use planning and fiscal framework in China (task 3.2) Summary of Chinese challenges in the field of land banking and land administration to strengthen social integration (task 3.3) Good practice approaches: Collection of good practice approaches in urban extension and renewal in Europe (tasks 3.1 and 3.2) Identification of measures promoting social integration and driving forces of transformation in European new urban areas and urban renewal neighbourhoods (tasks 3.1 and 3.2) Identification of land development instruments in Europe to ensure social integration (task 3.3)

Challenges for lessons transference Consideration Divergence between European and Chinese cities regarding the dimension and speed of urban development Orientation on comparable settlement types of expansion and renewal when selecting good practice examples Urban expansion is viewed as a problem and constant challenge in Europe while in China is considered as an opportunity for economic development Incorporate different perspectives during interviews and discussion of “good“ European and Chinese practices Differences of pathways, driving forces, stakeholders and respective activities in urban renewal Reflecting and adapting the conceptual framework of transformative capacity Different understanding of a socially integrative urban expansion and urban renewal developments Reflection of characteristics and adaptation of the conceptual framework Different systems of land use planning, land management and administration Focusing on single tools rather than on systemic transformation High relevance of financial instruments and approaches in China Focusing on mutually beneficial approaches (market-based solutions); illustration of added values of subsidies (public money)