CK2 is required for early cell divisions in C. elegans embryos

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Fig. 4. CK2 is required for early cell divisions in C. elegans embryos. CK2 is required for early cell divisions in C. elegans embryos. (A) Knockdown of KIN-3 or KIN-10 by RNAi results in embryonic lethality (Mean±s.d.: 47±10% and 45±21%, respectively). (B) Knockdown of KIN-3 or KIN-10 by RNAi leads to a significant reduction in the number of progeny produced for 24 h (90±43 and 79±24, respectively) compared to controls (133±43). For A and B, each dot represents an animal. (C) Wild-type embryos expressing GFP::β-tubulin, mCherry::γ-tubulin and mCherry:histone: kin-3(RNAi) results in defective cell divisions such as (a) lagging DNA (box, Movie 2), (b) detached centrosomes (arrow), (c) abnormal PCM morphology (box) and extra DNA (arrow), and (d) cytokinesis failure (Movie 3). (D) Embryos expressing mCherry::histone and mCherry::plasma membrane. Boxed regions highlight cytokinetic furrow shown in bottom panels. Time-lapse recordings of cleavage furrow formation and ingression in L4440 and kin-3(RNAi) embryos. (E) CK2 depletion leads to a delay in cell cycle progression. Top: measurement of cell cycle lengths (average±s.d.) from first metaphase to second metaphase in AB or P1 cell. Each dot represents an embryo. Bottom: wild-type embryo representing cell cycle stages used for quantification. Note that second metaphase of the anterior blastomere (b, arrow) initiates before second metaphase of the posterior blastomere (c, arrow). (A,B,E) Box ranges from the first through third quartile of the data, and thick bar represents the median. Dashed line extends 1.5 times the inter-quartile range or to the minimum and maximum data point. ***P<0.001 (two-tailed t-test). Scale bar: 10 µm. Jeffrey C. Medley et al. Biology Open 2017;6:17-28 © 2017. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd