CHP-110 Fundamentals of Physical Chemistry-I Rayat Shikshan Sanstha's S.M. JOSHI COLLEGE, HADAPSAR, PUNE- 28 CHP-110 Fundamentals of Physical Chemistry-I A SEMINAR ON ELECTRICAL AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS Prof. J.C. Pradeep Kumar (Assistant Professor)

ELECTRICAL AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS.

Electrical Properties On the basis of their electrical properties, substances can be classified into three categories: Conductors Semiconductor 2. Semiconductors 3. Insulators Conductors: Materials that allow electrical charges to flow through therm are known as electrical conductors. Example: Silver and Copper, Graphite, etc.

2. Semiconductors: 3. Insulators: Materials whose conductivity is less than of the conductors and greater than that of insulators are known as semiconductors. Examples: Silicon and Germanium 3. Insulators: Materials that do not allow electrical charges to flow through them are known as non-conductors or electrical insulators. Examples: Rubber, Plastics, etc.

Magnetic Properties: Diamagnetic: On the basis of their magnetic properties, substances can be classified into five categories: Diamagnetic Paramagnetic Ferromagnetic Antiferromagnetic Ferrimagnetic Diamagnetic: Diamagnetic substances are weakly repelled by a magnetic field.Diamagnetism is shown by those substances in which all the electrons are paired and there are no unpaired electrons. pairing of electronscancels their magnetic moments and they lose their magnetic character. Examples: NaCl, H2O,etc.

Paramagnetic: Ferromagnetic: Paramagnetic substances are weakly attracted by a magnetic field. They are magnetised in a magnetic field in the same direction. They lose their magnetism in the absence of magenetic field Paramagnetism is due to presence of one or more unpaired electrons which are attracted by the magnetic field. 3+ Examples: O2,Fe ,etc. Ferromagnetic: Ferromagnetic substances are strongly attracted by magnetic field and tend to move from high to low magnetic field. They have domain structure. They behave like tiny magnet. Examples: Co, Ni, etc.

Antiferromagnetic: Ferrimagnetic: Anti ferromagnetism have domain structure similar to ferromagnetic substance, but their domains are oppositely oriented and cancel out each other’s magnetic moment. Examples: Manganese oxide (MnO) Ferrimagnetic: Ferrimagnetism is observed when the magnetic moments of the domains in the substance are aligned in parallel and anti-parallel direction in unequal numbers.They are weakly attracted by the magnetic field as compared to ferromagnetic substances. Examples: Magnetite (Fe3O4)

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