Radiation dosimetry in space by means of compact passive luminescent detectors   Olivier Van Hoey, Alessio Parisi, Werner Schoonjans, Filip Vanhavere The Belgian Nuclear Research Center SCK•CEN, Mol, Belgium ovhoey@sckcen.be

Radiation dosimetry in space

Radiation dosimetry in space Dosimetry is required in space for assessing radiation effects on Astronauts Plants and micro-organisms Instrumentation Radiation field in space is very complex Electrons, protons, heavier nuclei, muons, neutrons Up to extremely high energies Dosimetry in space requires a combined approach Models of the radiation field and radiation transport simulations Ambient monitoring with active and passive radiation detectors Personal monitoring with personal dosimeters

Passive radiation detectors

Passive radiation detectors Stimulated luminescence detectors Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) Thermoluminescence (TL) Sensitive for low LET radiation (< 10 keV/µm) Detection of photons, electrons, protons, muons Track etch detectors Sensitive for high LET radiation (> 10 keV/µm) Detection of heavier nuclei and neutrons Labour intensive and complex analysis

TL detectors Detector types Annealing in oven Reading in Harshaw 5500 TLD Poland 6LiF:Mg,Ti (MTS-6) and 7LiF:Mg,Ti (MTS-7) 6LiF:Mg,Cu,P (MCP-6) and 7LiF:Mg,Cu,P (MCP-7) Annealing in oven Reading in Harshaw 5500 Heated with hot nitrogen gas Hamamatsu RC095 HA PMT

TL detectors

Integration interval 100°C – 260°C TL detectors Integration interval 100°C – 260°C

OSL detectors Detector type Bleaching by one day exposure to sun light Landauer Al2O3:C (Luxel) Bleaching by one day exposure to sun light Reading with self-developed argon ion laser system

OSL detectors mirror filter objective Ar+ laser Luxel filter PMT OSL Luxel: peak between 370 nm and 440 nm Laser: two emission lines at 488 nm (close to Luxel resonance peak) and 514.5 nm Melles Griot type 35 LAP 431 Ar-ion laser Microscope objective to expand beam diameter 8X Electronic shutter to avoid switching of the laser Electron Tubes type 9924 PMT sensitivity peak between 300 nm and 500 nm Melles Griot type 03 FCG 465 long-pass filter just behind microscope objective blocks laser light interfering with Luxel OSL below 450 nm 3 Melles Griot type 03 FIV 026 interference filters just in front of the PMT transmit Luxel OSL from 390 nm to 430 nm Luxel filter PMT

Integration interval 0 s – 100 s OSL detectors Integration interval 0 s – 100 s

Past, ongoing and future projects

DOSIS and DOSIS 3D Multilateral project lead by DLR since 2009 Monitoring the radiation environment in the Columbus module of the International Space Station Study of the spatial and temporal variations in the radiation field Variety of active and passive detectors

DOSIS and DOSIS 3D

DOSIS and DOSIS 3D

DOSIS and DOSIS 3D Daily dose values for each experiment normalized to their average over all boxes

DOSIS and DOSIS 3D Daily dose values for each box normalized to their average over all experiments DI DII D3DI D3DII D3DIII D3DIV D3DV D3DVI D3DVII D3DVIII

DOSIS and DOSIS 3D [1] http://www.nmdb.eu/ [2] http://cosmicrays.oulu.fi/ [3] http://sidc.oma.be/silso/

DOSIS and DOSIS 3D [1] private communication with Thomas Berger

Biological experiments FOTON-M4 BASE B/C BISTRO

Biological experiments EXPOSE-E

PhD on luminescent detectors in space Experimental characterization of luminescent detectors Optimization of the read out protocols Prediction of detection efficiency for different radiation types Trying to combine measurements with different luminescent detectors to get the total dose without track etch detectors

Matroshka AstroRad Radiation Experiment on Orion EM-1

Matroshka AstroRad Radiation Experiment on Orion EM-1

Matroshka AstroRad Radiation Experiment on Orion EM-1