Introduction to Fluid Mechanics Chapter 10 Fluid Machinery

Main Topics Introduction and Classification of Fluid Machines Turbomachinery Analysis Pumps, Fans, and Blowers Positive Displacement Pumps Hydraulic Turbines Propellers and Wind-Powered Turbomachines Comprehensive Flow Turbomachines

Introduction and Classification of Fluid Machines Positive Displacement Turbomachines Radial-Flow (Centrifugal) Axial-Flow Mixed-Flow

Introduction and Classification of Fluid Machines Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid Pumps Fans Blowers Compressors

Introduction and Classification of Fluid Machines Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid

Introduction and Classification of Fluid Machines Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid

Introduction and Classification of Fluid Machines Machines for Extracting Work (Power) from a Fluid Hydraulic Turbines (Impulse and Reaction) Gas Turbines (Impulse and Reaction)

Introduction and Classification of Fluid Machines Machines for Extracting Work (Power) from a Fluid

Turbomachinery Analysis The Angular-Momentum Principle Apply to Control Volume:

Turbomachinery Analysis Euler Turbomachine Equation Mechanical Power: Theoretical Head: Tshaft >0 for pumps, fans, blowers, and compressors and Tshaft <0 for turbines.

Turbomachinery Analysis Velocity Diagrams

Turbomachinery Analysis Performance – Hydraulic Power Pump Hydraulic Power: Pump Efficiency:

Turbomachinery Analysis Performance – Hydraulic Power Turbine Hydraulic Power: Turbine Efficiency:

Turbomachinery Analysis Dimensional Analysis and Specific Speed Flow Coefficient: Head Coefficient: Power Coefficient:

Turbomachinery Analysis Dimensional Analysis and Specific Speed Specific Speed: Specific Speed (Customary Units): Specific Speed (Customary Units):

Turbomachinery Analysis Dimensional Analysis and Specific Speed

Pumps, Fans, and Blowers Euler Equation – Centrifugal Pumps Head Equation: Shutoff Head:

Pumps, Fans, and Blowers Euler Equation – Centrifugal Pumps

Pumps, Fans, and Blowers Euler Equation – Axial Flow Pumps and Fans Mechanical Power: Theoretical Head:

Pumps, Fans, and Blowers Performance Characteristics

Pumps, Fans, and Blowers Performance Characteristics the head at any flow rate in the real machine may be significantly lower than is predicted by the idealized analysis Causes: At very low flow rate, some fluid recirculates in the impeller. Friction loss and leakage loss both increase with flow rate. “Shock loss” results from a mismatch between the direction of the relative velocity and the tangent to the impeller blade

Pumps, Fans, and Blowers Performance Characteristics

Pumps, Fans, and Blowers Similarity Rules For Dynamic Similarity: … so …

Cavitation and Net Positive Suction Head local static pressure falls below the vapor pressure of the liquid which can locally flash to vapor, forming a vapor cavity and significantly changing the flow pattern it reduces the performance of a pump or turbine damage or surface pitting cavitation can be avoided limiting the pressure drop in the inlet piping system

Pumps, Fans, and Blowers Pump Selection: Applications to Fluid Systems

Pumps, Fans, and Blowers Pump Selection: Applications to Fluid Systems Pumps in Series:

Pumps, Fans, and Blowers Pump Selection: Applications to Fluid Systems Pumps in Parallel:

Pumps, Fans, and Blowers Blowers and Fans

Pumps, Fans, and Blowers Blowers and Fans

Pumps, Fans, and Blowers Blowers and Fans

Positive Displacement Pumps

Hydraulic Turbines Performance Characteristics

Hydraulic Turbines Performance Characteristics

Propellers and Wind-Powered Machines Speed of Advance Coefficient: Thrust, Torque, Power Coefficients, and Propeller Efficiency

Propellers and Wind-Powered Machines

Propellers and Wind-Powered Machines

Propellers and Wind-Powered Machines Examples of modern wind turbine designs

Propellers and Wind-Powered Machines Kinetic Energy Flux: Power Coefficient: Tip Speed Ratio:

Propellers and Wind-Powered Machines

Compressible Flow Turbomachines Application of the Energy Equation to a Compressible Flow Machine

Compressible Flow Turbomachines Compressors

Compressible Flow Turbomachines Compressors