Organelles of the cell

What type of cells are you?? Prokaryotic? Eukaryotic?

Eukaryotic cells dozens of structures and internal membranes, and many are highly specialized. also contain a nucleus

Nucleus Gives instructions to the rest of the cell for how to make proteins and other important molecules It contains nearly all the cells DNA Tom Callahan- Tommy Boy

Components of the nucleus Nuclear envelope Chromatin Nucleolus

Nuclear envelope Surrounds the nucleus Contains thousands of pores that let materials flow into and out of the cell

Chromatin Granular material that surrounds the nucleolus. It is made of DNA twisted around a protein.

Chromosomes When a cell divides, chromatin condenses into chromosomes Thread like structures that contain genetic information of a cell

Nucleolus Contained within the nucleus Where the assembly of ribosomes begins

Questions?

Prokaryotes do not contain a nucleus. Q: If the nucleus controls most of the cell processes in eukaryotes, how can prokaryotes live without a nucleus?

Answer The most important part of a nucleus is the DNA it contains, and prokaryotes have DNA without having a nucleus

Ribosomes Where the production of proteins takes place It is the smallest organelle Factory workers in Tommy Boy- Produce brake pads

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Rough ER Has cells that produce large amounts of protein for export

Smooth ER Has specialized tasks including synthesis of membrane lipids Detoxification of drugs Seen in huge amounts in the liver cells

Golgi Apparatus Where proteins go after the endoplasmic reticulum It modifies, sorts and packages proteins for storage in the cell or secretion outside the cell Customizing shop

Textbook Pg. 177-178 Compare the differences between the Endoplasmic Reticulum and the Golgi Apparatus

Lysosomes The clean up crew Filled with enzymes that digest lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into smaller molecules Recycle worn out cell parts

Vacuole Storage compartments Big central vacuole in plant cells Largest organelle in the plant cell

Mitochondria The power house of the cell Factories hooked up to local power companies Converts one source of energy into a more useful one. Coal, gas, etc.

Questions?

Chloroplasts Capture energy from the sunlight and convert it into chemical energy Photosynthesis Solar cars

Cytoskeleton A network of protein filaments that helps the cell maintain its shape Microtubules Microfilaments

Microtubules Hollow and made of protein Aid in cell structure Pull chromosomes apart during cell division Help build cilia and flagella

Microfilaments Threadlike structures made of protein Form extensive networks Tough flexible framework supports the cell

How is this like cytoskeleton?