Chapter 8.3 and 8.4 Acids and Bases

Acids Produce hydronium ions (H3O+) Properties sour taste electrolytes corrosive (reactivity with metals) react with indicators Used to make fertilizers

Common acids Sulfuric H2SO4 Phosphoric H3PO4 Nitric HNO3 Hydrochloric HCl Carbonic H2CO3 Acetic CH3COOH

Acids Acids ionize in solution Red litmus paper stays red Blue litmus paper turns red Acids are defined as proton donors

Bases Used to make fertilizers Produce hydroxide ions (OH-) Properties most crystalline solids Slippery, bitter taste corrosive electrolytes react with indicators Used to make fertilizers

Common Bases Aluminum Hydroxide Al(OH)3 Calcium Hydroxide Ca(OH)2 Magnesium Hydroxide Mg(OH)2 Sodium Hydroxide NaOH Ammonia NH3

Bases Bases dissociate in solution Red litmus paper turns blue Blue litmus paper stays blue Phenolphthalein is an indicator that turns pink in a base Bases are defined as proton acceptors

pH is the Measure of the amount of H3O+ ion

Strong versus Weak Strong Acid ionize almost completely pH range of 0—3 Weak Acid ionize only slightly pH range of 3.0—6.99999

Strong versus Weak Strong Base dissociate almost completely pH range of 11—14 Weak Base dissociate only slightly pH range of 7.1—11

Neutralization Reactions Reaction between an acid and a base Products are a salt and water Acid + Base  Salt + Water HCl + NaOHNaCl + H2O

Neutralization Reactions Salts are formed between an element in group 1A and in 7A Salts are formed between a metal and a polyatomic ion

Common Salts Sodium chloride NaCl Sodium Carbonate Na2CO3 Potassium Chloride KCl Potassium Iodide KI Calcium Carbonate CaCO3

Soaps, Detergents, Ester Soaps – made of fatty acid and inorganic base, Saponification is the process of making soap Detergent – organic salts, does not form scum in hard water (hard water contains Ca, Mg, and Fe) Ester – organic compound formed by the reaction of an organic acid with an alcohol, responsible for odors and flavors

Acids and Bases Lab working in groups of 3 (2 groups per table) Each group will need 7 pH paper strips and you will rip them in half to test the 14 substances One person from each group will take a picture of the color key on the pH strips Each table will receive a box with all substances in labeled cups that will be shared Each group of three should test each substance and have their own data recorded on ONE lab paper Once predictions are finished, start the lab!

On lab paper, please change… Acids and Bases Lab On lab paper, please change… Shampoo  HAND SANITIZER Sour Candy  VEGETABLE OIL Mountain Dew  SPRITE For each group of three, please take SEVEN pH strips (you will tear them in half to test all 14 substances) One person in each group also needs to take a picture of the color key on the pH strip box

Review Stations Station 1: Naming / Writing Ionic Compounds Station 2: Bonding Review Station 3: Balancing Challenge Station 4: Solubility wkst Station 5: Review Kahoot