Warm-Up Get ready to turn in your homework!!!! Identify what the Hagia Sophia has been over its history. Name the most important Emperor of the Byzantine Empire Identify at least 3 differences between Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Christianity.

Byzantine Empire and the Russians

DECLINE & FALL By 700s Byzantine was reduced to mainly Greek areas. Constantly under attack, first by the SELJUK TURKS (Muslims) & then by the OTTOMAN TURKS who officially defeated the Byzantines in 1453 C.E.

SLAVS Most influenced by the Byzantines were the SLAVS. Slavs invited the Viking chief Rurik to be their king, founded Novgorod in 862 (Russia’s 1st important city). Their most important city was KIEV, located on the Dnieper River. Trade routes were established between Constantinople & Kiev.

First Civilization Kiev in Present day Ukraine Home of vital trading networks Would become the center of the first Russian state Boyars – Russian landholding aristocrats; possessed less political power than western European aristocrats First Civilization

Kiev and the Byzantine Empire Trade helped Kiev enter the Byzantine empire 957 Princess Olga of Kiev converted to Byzantine Christianity Grandson “Vladimir” spread religion which gained strength Russians started to adapt religious art, music and architecture Onion domes

Culture spread with trade. CYRILLIC alphabet was useful in converting many Slavs to Christianity. Invented/spread by St. Cyril Thus, starting in 863 with the advent of the Cyrillic language Christianity spread north.

Leaders Vladimir I – ruler of Kiev (980-1015) converted kingdom to orthodox Christianity Yaroslav- Grand Prince of Kiev (AD 1019) Library & legal systems/laws - divided land amongst heirs – weakened empire – Mongols invade

Religious Development Russian Orthodoxy – Russian form of Christianity brought from the Byzantine Empire

Mongol Influences Nomadic people from central Asia United by Genghis Khan (Later Sections) Looted and burned Kiev Russian princes had to pay money to rule without Mongol interference Mongol rule cut off Russian contacts with Western Europe which was making advances in art and science Russian Orthodox Church grew stronger due to religious toleration

Mongol Empire Genghis Khan – Conquered China in early 1200s Kublai Khan – Extended Mongol control over most of Asia, Russia and eastern Europe in Hungary. Traded extensively with the West. Entertained Marco Polo. Pax Mongolia – largest empire in the world.

Russia Ivan the Great (III) threw off the rule of the Mongols, centralized power in Moscow, and expanded the Russian nation. Moscow became known as “The Third Rome” Successor to the Byzantine Empire Power was centralized in the hands of the czar. The Orthodox Church influenced unification. Alexander Nevsky- Novgorod’s prince and military hero who advised his fellow princes to cooperate with the Mongols.

Ivan the Great ---- Ivan III Recovered Russian territories that were lost to invaders Tried to limit the power of boyars (landowning nobles) Took on the title of Czar (Russian for Caesar)

Ivan the Terrible --- Ivan IV Grandson Nobles granted land for military service Tied serfs to land Violent, killed own son Introduced Russia to extreme absolute power Eastern Europe

Recap Western Europe Latin in churches Pope had power and the people accepted Trade, town life and learning declined after the fall of Rome Byzantine Greek language Claimed right to appoint the head of the church Did not accept pope Wealth from trade (Silk Road) Taxes provided money to run govt. and army