Plants
Plant Survival on Land Three adaptations have allowed plants to thrive on land The ability to prevent water loss The ability to reproduce without water The ability to absorb and transport nutrients
Preventing Water Loss Cuticle – a waxy protective covering on plant surfaces that prevents water loss
Reproducing by Spores and Seeds Spore – a haploid reproductive cell surrounded by a hard outer wall Seed – an embryo surrounded by a protective coat
Absorbing and Transporting Materials Vascular tissue – transports water and dissolved substances from one part of the plant to another Two types of specialized tissue Xylem – carries water from the roots to the stems and leaves Phloem – carries organic compounds (like carbohydrates) in any direction
Xylem and Phloem
Classifying Plants Nonvascular plants – don’t have true vascular tissue or roots, stems, or leaves Example – mosses Vascular plants – have vascular tissue and true roots, stems, and leaves. Example – ferns, conifers, flowering plants
Vascular Plants Seedless Seed plants – produce seeds for reproduction Ferns Seed plants – produce seeds for reproduction Gymnosperms – conifers (cone bearing trees) Example – Pine trees Angiosperms – flowering and fruiting plants Example – apple and orange trees
Types of Trees Deciduous trees – leafy trees. Lose their leaves. Coniferous trees – have pine needles rather than leaves. Have cones.
Monocots and Dicots Flowering plants (angiosperms) are divided into:
Plant Cells Three types of plant cells: Parenchyma Collenchyma Sclerenchyma
Flower Structure
Leaf Structure
Self Quiz What are vascular plants? What are nonvascular plants? What are angiosperms? What are gymnosperms? What are monocots? What are dicots? What are seeds? Cones? Fruit?
Leaf Functions Leaves serve as the primary site of photosynthesis in most plants
Plant Leaves Stoma (stomata)– the major pathways through which CO2 enters and O2 leaves a plant Guard cells – control the opening and closing of the stoma
Types of Leaves Simple leaf Compound leaf Doubly compound leaf