CD4+ T Cell Activation and Vascular Normalization: Two Sides of the Same Coin?  Michele De Palma, Rakesh K. Jain  Immunity  Volume 46, Issue 5, Pages 773-775 (May 2017) DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.04.015 Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 CD4+ T Cells Regulate Vascular Normalization in Tumors Tian et al. (2017) show that abnormal tumor vasculature in experimental mammary tumors is associated with hypoxia, immunosuppression, and metastasis (left). The adoptive transfer of CD4+ T cells, or ICB by a combination of anti-PD1 and -CTLA4 antibodies, increases tumor infiltration by CD4+ T cells, which mostly localize around the tumor blood vessels. In turn, the CD4+ T cells normalize the blood vessels, attenuating tumor hypoxia (right). Conversely, the genetic elimination of pericytes, CD4+ T cells, or MHC-II reinstates abnormal vasculature, hypoxia, and metastasis in the tumors (right to left). Schematic modified with permission from Huang et al. (2013). Immunity 2017 46, 773-775DOI: (10.1016/j.immuni.2017.04.015) Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions