Figure 1 Evolution of MRI findings during interleukin (IL)–7 therapy

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1 Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 43 Nervous System Complications of Systemic Viral Infections John E. Greenlee.

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Nat. Rev. Neurol. doi: /nrneurol

Figure 2. A patient with multifocal nodular lesions diagnosed with CNS tuberculosis A patient with multifocal nodular lesions diagnosed with CNS tuberculosis.

Figure 2. MRI features of patients with MS who had antibodies to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein MRI features of patients with MS who had antibodies.

Figure 1 Initial brain imaging (A–C) patient 1; (D–F) patient 2; (G–I) patient 3; (J–L) patient 4; and (M) patient 2. Initial brain imaging (A–C) patient.

Figure 3 Brain MRI findings in patients with MOG-Ab Extensive brain lesions with large diameter (A and B), posterior reversible encephalopathy–like lesions.

Figure 4 Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder brain lesions

Figure 1 Brain MRI findings in the present case

Figure 4. Brain imaging and neuropathologic demonstration of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) encephalitis in patient PT-10 Brain imaging and neuropathologic demonstration.

Figure 2 Evolution of MRI abnormalities in faciobrachial dystonic seizures Axial fluid- attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR)-weighted images from patient.

Figure 2 Association of serum IgG reactivity with MRI measures of disease severity Association of serum IgG reactivity with MRI measures of disease severity.

Figure 2 Spinal cord lesions

Figure 1 Coronal MRI images showing the evolution of white matter abnormality and atrophy of patient 1 Coronal MRI images showing the evolution of white.

Figure Facial photograph during headache attack and brain and upper cervical cord MRI Facial photograph during headache attack and brain and upper cervical.

Figure Brain MRI of the patient throughout the disease course(A) Brain MRI at the time of cerebral toxoplasmosis diagnosis (a) and after 1 month of toxoplasmosis.

Figure 3 Example of venous narrowing

Figure Patient 1's ictal EEG and brain MRI and patient 2's ictal EEG and polygraphic recording(A) Patient 1's EEG showing an ictal discharge over right.

Figure 1 MRI head in faciobrachial dystonic seizures (A) Axial fluid-attenuated inversion recovery image from patient 3 in table 2 shows T2-weighted hyperintensity.

Figure Radiographic and histopathologic findings (A) Brain MRI at presentation shows multiple areas of T2 hyperintensity in the mesial temporal lobes,

Figure 1. Prebiopsy and postbiopsy MRI

Figure 1. Brain MRI follow-up of Sjögren syndrome–associated type II mixed cryoglobulinemic cerebral vasculitis treated with rituximab Brain MRI follow-up.

Figure Brain MRI and biopsy specimens from the pontine lesion

Figure Longitudinal MRI study data demonstrating evolution of central pontine myelinolysis(A, B) Axial T2-weighted MRI of the brain from January 9, 2014,

Figure Nuclear Nrf2 expression after fumarate therapy A new left occipital fluid-attenuated inversion recovery hyperintense (A), T1 hypointense (B), and.

Figure 1 MRI, pathology, and EEG findings(A) Axial fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) MRI sequences of the brain showing right frontal and parietal.

Figure 1 Cerebral MRI during the disease course Cerebral MRI with multiple cerebral supratentorial lesions during the disease course: periventricular lesions.

Figure 2 T2-weighted and subtraction images

Figure 2 Exemplary MRI of a patient with contrast enhancement on postcontrast FLAIR MRI of a 54-year-old patient with viral meningitis caused by varicella-zoster.

Figure 2 7T MRI can differentiate between early PML and MS lesions Two different patterns of brain lesions were observed using 7T MRI: ring-enhancing lesions.

Figure 3 Punctate PML lesions visualized by highly resolving T2

Figure 3 Ultra-high-field MRI at 7.0T (patients 5 and 6)‏

Figure 2 Example of venous narrowing

Figure 2 Representative brain MRIs from patients with neuromyelitis optica Lesions are localized at sites of high aquaporin-4 expression (white dots).

Figure 1 MRI of inflammatory myelitis before and after treatment

Figure 3. Brain imaging and neuropathologic studies in patient PT-5 diagnosed with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy Brain imaging and neuropathologic.

Figure 1 Evolution of blood cell counts during 18-month treatment and follow-up (A) Mean white blood cell count, (B) mean lymphocyte count, (C) mean eosinophil.

Figure 2 Cerebral and spinal MRI (A) Restricted diffusion of both optic nerves (arrows) on diffusion-weighted and apparent diffusion coefficient imaging.

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Figure 2 Reduced frequency of central memory CD4 T cells in patients with PML Reduced frequency of central memory CD4 T cells (CD4Tcm) (p < ), naive.

Figure MRI brain 6 weeks post admission (A–C) Symmetrical high signal changes on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequences predominantly affecting.

Figure 1 Association between serum levels of IL-18 and hippocampal volume in patients with schizophrenia Scatter plots show a positive correlation between.

Figure 1. Radiologic and pathologic findings

Figure 1 Imaging of disease onset and treatment response Repeat MRI scans including fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) (A) and T2 fast field echo.

Figure 1 Radiologic features of patients with white matter syndromes in association with NMDA receptor antibodies Radiologic features of patients with.

Figure 1 MRI findings over time

Figure 2 Pre- and posttreatment contrast-enhanced MRI of second toxoplasmosis lesion in case 1(A) Contrast-enhanced MRI demonstrated a second ring-enhancing.

Figure 2 Brain MRI at 1 year of age

Figure 1 Brain MRI Brain MRI (A) Axial fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery images show perilesional edema in both cerebellar hemisphere and hypointense.

Figure 2 Evolution of blood cell counts during interleukin (IL)–7 therapy Evolution of blood cell counts during interleukin (IL)–7 therapy The leukocyte.

Figure Neurologic, gastrointestinal, and dermatologic findings

Figure 1 Peripheral blood lymphocyte counts during dose titrationB-lymphocyte (CD19+; A) and total lymphocyte (CD45+; B) counts (cells/µL) in peripheral.

Figure Spinal cord imaging (A, B) Sagittal and axial T2-weighted cervical spine MRI demonstrating hyperintensities in the central gray matter of patient.

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Figure 1 Detailed overview of treatment course and paraclinical findings Maximum intensity projection maps of supratentorial inversion recovery images.

Gitanjali Das et al. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2018;5:e453

Figure Serial brain MRI of the patient with encephalitis and spontaneous recovery accompanying IgLON5 autoimmunity Serial brain MRI of the patient with.

Figure 1 MRIs (case 1)‏ MRIs (case 1) An enlarging T2 lesion in the cerebral white matter near the angular gyrus and a new lesion in the left middle cerebellar.

Figure 2 MRIs (cases 2 and 3)‏

Figure 1 Imaging and histopathologic characteristics of patients with CNS-FHL Imaging and histopathologic characteristics of patients with CNS-FHL FLAIR.

Figure MRI demonstrating cerebellar encephalitis, longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis, and pathology of seminoma(A) Parasagittal T1 postcontrast.

Figure Rapid progression of lesions after natalizumab treatment(A) MRI from February Rapid progression of lesions after natalizumab treatment(A)

Figure A 57-year-old man with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) and new-onset ataxia A 57-year-old man with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) and new-onset ataxia.

Figure 4 Patient 3 MRI evolution over time

Figure 3 Patient 2 MRI evolution over time before relapse

Figure 2 Patient 1 MRI evolution over time

Figure 1 MRI at presentation The axial diffusion-weighted image (A) showed restricted diffusion throughout the cortical ribbon of the right hemisphere.

Figure 1 Axial FLAIR brain MRI obtained on admission to the ICU demonstrated (A1) old hyperintense subcortical lesions (arrowhead), new superimposed on.

Figure 1 MRIs MRIs (A and B) Axial FLAIR images of the brain demonstrate multifocal parenchymal lesions including the right hippocampus, right midbrain,

Figure 4 Longitudinal analysis of peripheral immune cell composition Frequency of naive, central memory (Tcm), and effector memory (Tem) CD4 T cells over.

Presentation transcript:

Figure 1 Evolution of MRI findings during interleukin (IL)–7 therapy Evolution of MRI findings during interleukin (IL)–7 therapy Axial fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images from (A, B) pre-IL-7 and (C, D) 2 weeks post-IL-7 MRI of the brain demonstrate stable left hemispheric subcortical progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) lesions, but a new, small, asymptomatic left cerebellar lesion (white arrow), (E, F) which remains unchanged on the most recent MRI performed 16 weeks after IL-7 therapy. Dhanashri P. Miskin et al. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2016;3:e213 © 2016 American Academy of Neurology