Mohandas Gandhi aka “Mahatma” - “The Great Soul”

Context -Born in 1869 -Father was Hindu -Mother believed Jainism – all living things are holy -He grew up and studied law in London -His first trial, he was extremely shy & didn’t speak -1900s: Gandhi tried somewhere else – South Africa -What happened in South Africa?

His return to India -Extreme poverty -Strips his suit off and puts on the loin cloth -Why? -Self-respect tied to independence, why?

Timeline Movement 1 – non-cooperation, 1920s Movement 2 – Civil disobedience (peacefully breaking the law) Salt March (1930) – HUGE turning point – 240 mi. “…although by itself it failed to bring Indian Independence, it seriously undermined British authority and united India’s population in a movement for independence under leadership of the Indian National Congress (INC).” –non-violent conflict.org Movement 3 – Again in the 1940s India’s independence in 1947 Death of Gandhi – 1948, assassination

Partitioning of India Kashmir – disputed territory – Why? -Before he was killed, Gandhi feared this partitioning done by Great Britain -1948 -British wanted to separate religions: Hindu/Sikhs v. Muslims -Two groups packed up and went their separate ways. They collided and riots followed. Pakistan and India still don’t have the greatest relationship today Kashmir – disputed territory – Why?

Document A -Gandhi wrote a letter to Lord Irwin: “Dear Friend” -Salt March - nonviolent protest against Brits -Why is Salt so important to the poor? -Civil disobedience: “I can’t hurt anything that lives” -A warning to British before hundreds of them march

Document B -Newspaper article about Salt March -Webb Miller: witness who wrote about what he saw -”You will be beaten but must not resist” -”Bashed into a bloody pulp” -Where’s Gandhi? ...in jail -1350 newspapers ran this story: 320 injured, 2 dead

Document C -Journal entry by Gandhi -South Africa - 1908 - Apartheid -Gandhi spent time in jail for burning his passbook -He was fighting for the rights of Asians, Blacks, and Mixed -He spent over 2,000 days in jail… why? -Who else served a LONG TIME in jail to prove a point?

TOMORROW We are going to review over Document D After, you will write a detailed paragraph (7-8 sentences) on the meaning of civil disobedience and what made Gandhi’s nonviolent movement successful. First assignment I’m grading for you over spring break! Due at the end of class Friday! If you’re absent, you’re expected to submit on canvas!