LCLS Operation in 2009 Roger A. Erickson Accelerator Systems Division (ASD) LCLS Project Review (SLAC) May 13-15, 2008

Topics Accelerator System Division Overview Maintenance management Down time planning Overall schedule Scheduling beam time Delivered beam specification

ASD has operated many accelerators: Linac: 1965-2008 SPEAR I&II: 1973-1992 PEP: 1979-1988 SLC: 1986-1998 FFTB: 1998-2007 SPPS: 2004-2007 PEP-II: 1998-2008 LCLS: 2007-?

LCLS: Linac Coherent Light Source SLAC ACCELERATOR FACILITIES Turn-on in 2009: LCLS will be the World’s First X-ray Laser

Linac Operating Modes in FY2009 LCLS beam: 4 to 14 GeV e- beam up to 120 Hz up to 1 x 1010 Linac capabilities (if needed): e- to 49 GeV at 120 Hz at 2 x 1010 e+ to 49 GeV at 120 Hz at 2 x 1010

Main Control Center for LCLS Operations

Operations Authorization Authorization for operating the Linac facilities at SLAC follows the organization of the SLAC laboratory: SLAC DOE Site Office Laboratory Director Associate Laboratory Directors for LCLS and PPA Head of the Accelerator Systems Division Head of the Operations Group Engineering Operator In Charge (EOIC) in the Control Room

ASD Mission 1) Operate SLAC accelerator systems safely. 2) Deliver beams to support the physics research programs. 3) Document and improve reliability of linac operations. 4) Coordinate accelerator maintenance. 12 km of tunnel 22 km of beam lines 28 support buildings Guiding documents: SLAC Guidelines for Operations ASD Operations Directives Safety Assessment Documents ES&H documentation ASD documentation hierarchy

ASD Staff Admin: 4 Safety office: 2 Physicists: 15 Mechanical engineers: 5 Operations and reliability: 5 Operators: 26 Area managers: 7 Technicians: 3 LCLS physics + laser staff: 10 Total = 77

Program Management Accelerator programs are managed through a matrix organization structure with links to: Program Coordinators for LCLS Linac Pulsed Programs. System Physicists for each major section of the accelerator facility. Area Managers – one for each major section, who report to the System Physicists. Experimental floor managers for x-ray systems. Accelerator physicists and engineers responsible for subsystems or commissioning tasks. Technical support departments with engineering and technician support for on-call maintenance. Accelerator Division Safety Office. ES&H departments, including Radiation Physics.

Planning with Accelerator Users and Maintenance Staff 8:00 Meeting every day, seven days a week, in the MCC conference room. Operations report by EOIC, including run time statistics, progress in carrying out scheduled program, descriptions of problems, etc. Attended by PPA, ASD, and Operations management reps, Program Deputy, System Physicists, Area Managers, and representatives of user groups and major technical support departments. 8:15 Maintenance Meeting, five days each week. Run by Accelerator Operations Department maintenance managers. Attended by supervisors of all maintenance groups, Area Managers, and interested physicists and engineers. Accelerator Plans Meeting, weekly. Review of operational progress, problems, and plans. Attended by Accel Systems Div managers, Program Coordinators, ADSO, and dept heads of key support departments.

Control Room Staffing Program Deputy Duty rotates among ASD physicists. Oversees program for period of several days. Operations Engineer 1 EOIC per shift (from a group of 7), on rotating 7-week cycle. Responsible for safely carrying out the scheduled program. Must be present if accelerator is capable of producing beam. All have experience as accelerator systems operators. Accelerator Systems Operators Typically 2 operators per shift on rotating 5-week cycle: Linac and sources. Secondary program, PPS control, and backup. Tunnel searches, BCS and interlock checks. Accelerator System Physicists Determine beam parameters; develop upgrades.

Maintenance Management Problems that interrupt the scheduled program trigger immediate repairs to restore operations. On-call staff for: Electrical power Mechanical utilities Power supplies RF systems Magnets and other mechanical systems Vacuum systems OHP Extensive call-in lists identify first responders, alternates, and experts for all systems. Preventive and deferred maintenance planned for scheduled maint. days.

Planned and Opportunistic Maintenance Approach: Installation and preventive maintenance jobs are pre-planned. Repair work is managed to minimize program impact. Coordination Daily 8:15am meeting. Coordinated by Operations Maintenance Office. Area Managers are advocates for their areas. Standby Maintenance List (SML) Jobs that are planned and can be launched on short notice. Provides options for EOIC to take advantage of unscheduled interruptions. Scheduled Repair Opportunity Days (ROD) Carefully planned; typically involved 100 or more jobs in PEP-II era. ARTEMIS Electronic Database

ARTEMIS ARTEMIS (Accelerator Remedy Trouble Entry and Maintenance Information System) is an Oracle database with a Remedy interface, accessible over the internet by everyone involved with SLAC accelerator maintenance. Operators report problems as they occur by making entries in ARTEMIS. Repair work is launched immediately if a problem is inhibiting the scheduled accelerator program. Otherwise, problems are reviewed in the Maintenance Meeting and response plans are prepared. Jobs are tracked using ARTEMIS until they are finally closed. ARTEMIS entries since Jan 1989: ~84000. ARTEMIS entries in one year (2006): 3166 new problems (8.7 per day). 3296 problems closed (9.0 per day).

X-ray User Performance Drivers for ASD Reliable operation with high uptime (>95%). Steady beam parameters when operating. Rapid change of beam parameters when needed by the users. Maintain alternate user programs when expected user program changes.

Looking ahead: typical LCLS weekly report in 2010

Long Down Time Planning Long Down Times usually occur once each year and typically last two to three months. Area Managers collect job requests from system physicists, project engineers, maintenance groups, and the ARTEMIS database. A comprehensive schedule is prepared, updated, and reviewed at weekly meetings, starting about four months before the down time. This schedule lists each job with an assigned shop, and lists the Project or Group Manager, Responsible Task Person, and Area Manager. Schedule specifies time and duration of each job (with 1 day time resolution), and number of persons required. Schedule specifies authorizations required (WAF, RSWCF, EWP, etc.). Detailed (shift by shift) schedule of pre-run testing, safety certifications, and turn-on activities is prepared by the Operations Dept and revised as needed on a real-time basis.

Accelerator Improvement Projects (AIP)

Operational Safety Reviews Linac Re-Start Validation Review (March 2005) Integrated Safety Management (ISMS) Review (Sept 2005) DOE ISMS Review (October 2005) LCLS Injector Accelerator Readiness Review (December 2006) LCLS beam authorization to BSY (June 2007) Linac SAD update (November 2007) Linac ASE update (December 2007) Still ahead: LCLS LTU/Undulator/Dump SAD (2008) LCLS LTU/Undulator/Dump ARR (November 2008)

LCLS Installation and Commissioning Time-Line First Light in FEE First Light in FEH LTU/Und/Dump Install PPS Cert. LTU/Dump FEE/NEH Install X-Rays in NEH FEH Hutch BO CD-4 (7/31/2010) PEP-II run ends FEH Install now J F M A M J J A A S O N D J F M A A M M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J 2008 2009 2010 Down PPS Linac/BC2 Commissioning Re-commission Inj/BC2 to SL2 LTU/Und Comm. NEH Operations/ Commissioning FEE Comm. April 18, 2008

Scheduling Beam Time ASD will work with the LCLS beam time scheduling team to allocate accelerator time in the most advantageous manner: User needs Machine recovery time (after downs) Machine improvement time Maintenance periods

Delivered Beam Specifications A set of beam parameters should be specified to characterize “first run” beam parameters (nominal, expected variations, allowed variations): Bunch charge Bunch length Bunch energy Bunch size A mechanism will be set up to facilitate communications between users and accelerator operators and to resolve conflicting requests from different users.

Proposed Initial Beam Parameters Early ops Mature Electron energy 4.3 GeV Repetition rate 30 Hz 120 Hz Bunch length 200 fs FWHM FEL peak power 500 MW 5 GW FEL bandwidth 0.25% 0.2% Energy per pulse 0.1 mJ 2 mJ Photons/0.1%BW 3 1011 1 1013 Peak brightness 3 1030 3 1031 Average brightness 2 1019 2 1021 J. Galayda

Conclusions Linac operations are managed by the Accelerator Systems Division under the LCLS Directorate starting in FY2008. Documented policies and procedures exist or are being prepared for all safety-related accelerator activities. Maintenance and installation work is accomplished through a matrix organization, drawing on engineers, technicians, ES&H expertise, and shop services from the ETS Directorate. We have developed organizational structures, software tools, and documentation that enable us to manage an ambitious accelerator-based science program safely and effectively. A beam-time scheduling mechanism is being developed to resolve operational beam parameter specifications and changes.