Interphase, Mitosis and Cytokinesis

Interphase, Mitosis and Cytokinesis Mitosis in unicellular organisms is their form of asexual reproduction. Mitosis in multicellular organisms is for: *Replacement of a dead or damaged cell *Growth *Maintaining homeostasis

Interphase Interphase includes G1, S, and G2 phases. The genetic material is in chromatin form. Protein synthesis (G1), Replication (S) and preparation for mitosis including copying the centrioles (G2) occurs here.

Cytokinesis is the final stage for most cells when the cell is divided Mitosis Mitosis is the division of the nucleus. There are four stages to Mitosis: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and telophase (PMAT)‏ This process begins with a diploid cell and results in two identical diploid nuclei. Cytokinesis is the final stage for most cells when the cell is divided

Prophase Chromatin becomes Chromatids Nuclear membrane and cytoskeleton break apart. Microtubules reform the mitotic spindle including the astor (centriole surrounded by spindle fibers) and spindle fibers. Centrioles move toward poles

Metaphase Chromatids attach to kinesin (a protein) Chromatids are pulled toward the equator along the spindle fibers by the kinesin

Anaphase Chromatids are pulled toward the poles (location of the astors) by the kinesin Division of the nucleus takes place—karyokinesis Cell membrane changes shape (animal)‏

Telophase Mitotic spindle breaks apart Microtubules reform the nuclear membrane and cytoskeleton Cell (animal) dramatically changes shape or cell (plant) begins to form a cell plate

Cytokinesis in Animals Cytoplasmic Division of Animal Cells: In animal cells, a cleavage furrow on the outer surface indicates that two new cells are forming. Contractile microfilaments pull the plasma membrane inward

Cytokinesis in Plants Cytokinesis   Cytokinesis in Plants Cytokinesis During telophase in plant cells, a cell plate usually forms across the equator of the cell between the two sets of daughter chromosomes. The cell plate is derived from the fusion of small vesicles produced by the Golgi complex; ultimately, it will grow outward and form the new cell wall separating the two daughter cells. This page last updated: 13 Sep 1999            

Mitosis…asexual reproduction

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