Chapter 26 Birds

Which of the following structures is found only in birds (a) wings (b) beak (c) four-chambered heart (d) feathers

D. Feathers

Fossils have been found that show close evolutionary links between (a) birds and fish (b) birds and reptiles (c) birds and bats (d) birds and amphibians

B birds and reptiles

How are bird’s bones adapted for flight? (a) they are thin and wide (b) they are flexible (c) they are hollow (d) they are made of cartilage

C they are hollow

Which of the following does not have a four chambered heart? (a) Alligator (b) ostrich (c) king cobra (d) hummingbird

C king cobra

One importance birds have in the biosphere is that they destroy seed crops (b) disperse seeds of some plants (c) add interesting decorations to cars (d) control the populations of deer

B disperse seeds

. What is the earliest known fossil with identifiable feathers? (a) Archaeopteryx (b) Pterodactyl (c)Dodo Bird (d) Pterosaurus

A. Archaeopteryx

What group of birds displays the greatest range of adaptations? (a) waterfowl (b) game birds (c) birds of prey (d) perching songbirds

D perching songbirds

Birds are called endotherms because they generate their own body heat (b) are cold blooded (c) can survive in warm climates (d) can survive at high altitudes

A. generate their own body heat

Birds do not have a (a) gizzard (b) furcula (c) crop (d) urinary bladder  

D. urinary bladder

The fused bones in bird’s skeleton eliminates the need for (a) bone marrow (b) ligaments (c) blood vessels (d) muscles

B. Ligaments

Which part of the amniotic egg decreases in size as the embryo grows? (a) chorion (b) allantois (c) yolk (d) Psdeopod

C. Yolk

An important ecological role of the hummingbirds is dispersing seeds (b) controlling insect population (c) pollinating plants (d) disposing of dead animals

C. pollinating plants

What is unique about the respiratory system of birds? Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged (b) Birds lack a trachea (c) The airflow is one way (d) Birds have only one lung

C. The airflow is one way

Birds probably evolved from

Reptiles

The Triassic period was how many millions of years ago?

225 million

The fossil record for birds is incomplete because ____________ and ____________ of birds do not fossilize well.

Bones and feathers

The earliest fossil animal known to have feathers was ____________.

Archaeopteryx

Birds evolved rapidly following the extinction of the ____________.

Dinosaurs

The feathers of birds may have evolved as an adaptation for retaining ________________________

body heat

Although they share many characteristics with reptiles, birds are the only animals that have ____________.

Feathers

Except for bats, birds are the only vertebrates that has ____________.

Wings

What is another word that means cold blooded.

Ectothermic

What type of circulatory system do reptiles have

Closed

Most reptiles are Carnivores Herbivores Isomores omnivore

A. Carnivores

Tuatara numbers are decreasing as a result of its habitat being destroyed Kangaroos Humans Goats Deer

C. Goats

The keratin in a reptile’s skin helps it to Detect Prey Conserve moisture Exchange gases Reflect moisture

B. conserve moisture

Why are the shells of turtles flatter than the shells of tortoises? Reduce water loss Increase swimming efficiency Conserve body heat Increase lung capacity

Increase swimming efficiency

First Reptile to evolve

Stem Reptiles

Member of the order Chelonia that lives entirely on land

Tortoise

Term that means “terrible lizard

Dinosaur

Substance that makes up scales and feathers

Keratin

Fluid filled sac that surrounds the embryo

Amnion

Example of a reptile that belongs to the Squamata order

Snake

Evolution of many species from one common ancestor

Adaptive Radiation

Order that has a four-Chambered heart

Crocodilians

Final question

Chelonian that has lightweight, leathery shells

Sea Turtles

Name five characteristics common to reptiles?

Covered with tough dry scales Breathe with lungs 3 chambered heart, crocodilian have 4 Ectothermic Produce Amniotic Egg

Name the three major classes of reptiles, give an example of an organism that belongs to each, and describe one difference that separates each organism from the rest

Squamata—snakes and lizards—need an example Chelonia—Turtles and Tortoises—need an example Crocidilia—Crocodiles, Alligators, caiman and Gavials—need an example

Extra Describe how reptiles adapted to the following challenges presented by life on land:   - The need to protect against the loss of water from the body   - the need for quicker movement on land   - the need to obtain oxygen and use it efficiently   - the problem of fertilization on land 

Birds belong the class ____________.

Aves

Describe three reason why some scientists feel that birds evolved from reptiles 2 pts for each correct one, -1 for each incorrect one. Final Questions next

Scales and feathers made of same material—keratin Both have large eye sockets 4 toed foot Pubis bone inverted (one of three bones that makes the pelvic bone)

Describe three structural adaptations that birds have for flight?

Feathers Hollow bones Reproductive organs shrink when not in use No urinary bladder Fused bones

Why must an egg shell be porous?

To allow oxygen in and carbon dioxide out

What is the advantage of a one-way flow of air through a bird’s respiratory systems?

It has a constant supply of oxygen rich blood even when it exhales.

Know how the following function in birds. Beak- Countour feather –  Gizzard–   Wings –   Crop-   Feet-  Hollow Bones—  Crosshatching in bones—  Down Feathers—  Nest—