Conditionals !

The Three Conditionals 3 conditionals in English Some grammar books = 4 1st conditional - true in the present 1st conditional - true in the future 2nd conditional – untrue in the present 3rd conditional – untrue in the past

The 1st Conditional = TRUE In the present… If it , I usually ___________ to In the future… If it on Sunday, the ______ cancelled.

The 1st Conditional: Grammatical form In the present If it rains, I usually take the bus to school. “if” clause + “result” clause Tense? → Present tense Tense? → Present tense In the future If it rains on Sunday, the picnic will be cancelled. Tense? → Present tense Tense? → Future tense NEVER put the future tense… in the “if” clause! → If I will go…

Grammatical options Reverse? How is it different? comma → I usually take the bus to school if it rains. → The picnic will be cancelled if it rains on Sunday. This is the same for ALL conditionals.

The 2nd Conditional = UNTRUE in the PRESENT If I __________ rich , I (buy) ____________ you a new .

The 2nd Conditional: Grammatical form If I were rich, I would buy you a new pencil. If I had a million dollars, I would buy you a new pencil. “if” clause + “result” clause Tense? → Past tense Form? → would /could + infinitive verb Should? Should Notice: If I WERE…? If I / you / he / she / it / we / they WERE HOWEVER… But learn the rule

The 3rd Conditional = UNTRUE in the PAST If you (come) ________to the party last night, you (have) _______a great time.

If you had come to the party last night, The 3rd Conditional If you had come to the party last night, “if” clause: Tense? → Past Perfect tense you would have had a great time. “result” clause: Form? → would /could + have + past participle HOWEVER… If I would have known it would make you angry, I wouldn’t have done it. But, again, learn the rule !

Mixing 2nd & 3rd Conditionals Sometimes, the situation (if clause) is in the past, but the result is in the present. If you hadn’t drunk so much last night, you wouldn’t be hung over today! 3rd conditional situation 2nd conditional result Sometimes the situation is in the present, but the result is in the past. If I were her, I wouldn’t have married that jerk! 2nd conditional situation 3rd conditional result

Mixed Conditionals continued… If I hadn’t come to Canada to study English, I (not meet) ______________________ my friends from other countries. wouldn’t have met (3rd conditional result) I (not know) ____________________ my friends from other countries. wouldn’t know (2nd conditional result) KNOW = state / MEET = action

Mixed conditionals continued… If the action (the result) is continuous… STUDY / WORK If I hadn’t come to Canada to study English, I __________________________________________________. would be working at a part-time job / studying in my university. = 2nd conditional result in continuous tense

Now, let’s practise!

In groups, complete these sentences on the board… 1. If the weather is crappy this weekend, 2. I would be very happy if… 3. If I feel sad, I usually 4. My parents would be very angry if… 5. If I could talk to the leader of my country, 6. Our planet will not survive if… 7. If I could change one thing about my life, 8.I wouldn’t have come to Canada if… 9.If I want to have a good time, I usually 10. It would be great if… 11. If I hadn’t come to Victoria, 12. My parents will be very happy if… 13. If I had $100 to spend tonight, 14. I will dump my girlfriend/boyfriend if… / I would dump my girlfriend/boyfriend if… 15. If the weather is nice this weekend, 16. If I can significantly improve my English,

Summary First conditional – true in the present / future If you don’t love someone, you should split up with him/her. If Judy decides to have her baby alone, it will be very difficult for her. Second conditional – untrue in the present If I were Judy, I would dump Paul. If Paul helped Judy more, they would get along better. Third conditional – untrue in the past If Judy had known that Paul planned to dump her, she probably wouldn’t have allowed herself to get pregnant. Mixed conditionals If I hadn’t come here to study English, I wouldn’t have any international friends. 3rd conditional situation 2nd conditional result