The Potential of Muscle Stem Cells

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The Potential of Muscle Stem Cells Patrick Seale, Atsushi Asakura, Michael A. Rudnicki Developmental Cell Volume 1, Issue 3, Pages 333-342 (September 2001) DOI: 10.1016/S1534-5807(01)00049-1

Figure 1 Satellite Cells Are the Committed Myogenic Stem Cells of Adult Muscle (A) Transmission electron micrograph of a satellite cell (SC) as identified by the plasma membrane (arrowheads) separating the satellite cell from adjacent myofiber, the continuous basal lamina surrounding the satellite cell and myofiber (arrows), and the heterochromatic appearance of the nucleus. MN, myonucleus within fiber nuclei. (B) Myf5-nlacZ is expressed in myonuclei in fresh (day 0) single muscle fibers as well as activated satellite cells and myoblasts (day 3) derived from Myf5-nlacZ mice (Beauchamp et al., 2000) Developmental Cell 2001 1, 333-342DOI: (10.1016/S1534-5807(01)00049-1)

Figure 2 Isolation of Adult Stem Cells by FACS (A) FACS fractionation of side population (SP) cells from marrow and muscle allows the isolation of adult stem cells on the basis of Hoechst dye exclusion. (B) FACS/Hoechst-purified SP (arrowheads) from skeletal muscle together with primary myoblasts (arrows) for size comparison. Note the small size of muscle-derived SP (∽10 μm in diameter) Developmental Cell 2001 1, 333-342DOI: (10.1016/S1534-5807(01)00049-1)

Figure 3 Hypothesized Relationship between Adult and Tissue-Specific Stem Cells According to this model, muscle-derived stem cells are the progenitors of satellite cells and coexist as distinct stem cell tiers in some state of equilibrium within adult muscle Developmental Cell 2001 1, 333-342DOI: (10.1016/S1534-5807(01)00049-1)

Figure 4 Therapeutic Possibilities for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (A) Intravenous delivery or direct intramuscular injection of muscle-derived stem cells and myogenic cell lines to provide a source of dystrophin+ myogenic cells in diseased muscles. (B) Adenoviral-mediated gene transfer of dystrophin or utrophin directly into muscle. (C) Administration of Deflazacort (corticosteroid) slows the progression of muscle pathology in DMD. (D) A schematic representation of the dystrophin/glycoprotein complex and the integrin/laminin-mediated attachment of muscle cells to the surrounding extracellular matrix. Upregulation of utrophin or integrin α7 compensates for the functional loss of dystrophin Developmental Cell 2001 1, 333-342DOI: (10.1016/S1534-5807(01)00049-1)